Neuman Systems Model-Based Yoga Program for Test Anxiety in Secondary School Students

This cluster randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of a yoga program based on the Neuman Systems Model on test anxiety, quality of life, and mindfulness among eighth-grade students. A total of 166 students were enrolled in the study, with 81 students in the intervention group and 85 students in the control group. The intervention group participated in a four-week school-based yoga program delivered once weekly for approximately 40 minutes during regular school hours, while the control group received no intervention. The yoga program incorporated breathing awareness, asana practice, pranayama, relaxation, and brief mindfulness practices and was developed based on the protective approach of the Neuman Systems Model. Test anxiety, quality of life, and mindfulness were assessed at baseline, at the end of Week 2, and at the end of Week 4 using self-report measures.