Clinical Pilates and Prenatal Education on Perinatal Depressive Symptoms

This study evaluated whether a combined program of supervised Clinical Pilates Exercise and structured Prenatal Education, added to routine antenatal care, reduces perinatal depressive symptoms compared with routine antenatal care alone in nulliparous pregnant women. Secondary aims were to assess effects on pregnancy-related low back pain, labor pain, and obstetric outcomes. Allocation to the two groups was based on participants' availability to attend the program rather than on randomization; the study is therefore a non-randomized (quasi-experimental) controlled study.