Numerical simulations of density perturbation and gravitational wave production from cosmological first-order phase transition

[2502.20166] Numerical simulations of density perturbation and gravitational wave production from cosmological first-order phase transition Skip to main content Search Submit Donate Log in Search arXiv Press Enter to search · Advanced search High Energy Physics - Phenomenology arXiv:2502.20166 (hep-ph) [Submitted on 27 Feb 2025 ( v1 ), last revised 10 Apr 2026 (this version, v4)] Title: Numerical simulations of density perturbation and gravitational wave production from cosmological first-order phase transition Authors: Jintao Zou , Zhiqing Zhu , Zizhuo Zhao , Ligong Bian View a PDF of the paper titled Numerical simulations of density perturbation and gravitational wave production from cosmological first-order phase transition, by Jintao Zou and 3 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract: We conducted three-dimensional lattice simulations to study the density perturbation and gravitational waves (GWs) during first-order phase transition (FOPT). We find that for phase transition strength $\alpha > 1$, the forward motion of bubble walls becomes the primary source, whereas for $\alpha < 1$, the dominant contribution to the density perturbation comes from the delay of vacuum decay. Additionally, the power spectrum of density perturbations generated by the phase transition exhibits a slope of $k^3$ at small wavenumbers and $k^{-1.5}$ at large wavenumbers. Furthermore, we calculated the GW power spectra, which exhibit the slope of $k^3$ at small wavenumbers and $k^{-2}$ at large wavenumbers. Our numerical simulations confirm that slow PTs can produce PBHs and provide predictions for the GW power spectrum, offering theoretical support for GW detection. Comments: 14 pages, 13 figures Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ; Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) Cite as: arXiv:2502.20166 [hep-ph] (or arXiv:2502.20166v4 [hep-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2502.20166 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Journal reference: SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, Volume 69, Issue 7: 270412 (2026) Related DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-026-2971-y Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources Submission history From: Jintao Zou [ view email ] [v1] Thu, 27 Feb 2025 15:04:55 UTC (2,309 KB) [v2] Thu, 18 Dec 2025 09:22:43 UTC (1,559 KB) [v3] Thu, 9 Apr 2026 03:33:08 UTC (7,943 KB) [v4] Fri, 10 Apr 2026 10:30:19 UTC (7,951 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Numerical simulations of density perturbation and gravitational wave production from cosmological first-order phase transition, by Jintao Zou and 3 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: hep-ph < prev | next > new | recent | 2025-02 Change to browse by: astro-ph astro-ph.CO hep-th References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... 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