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Learn more: PMC Disclaimer | PMC Copyright Notice Neurosci Appl . 2026 Mar 4;5:106995. doi: 10.1016/j.nsa.2026.106995 Search in PMC Search in PubMed View in NLM Catalog Add to search Supporting mental health in war: Knowledge transfer through ECNP traumatic stress network webinars Iryna Frankova Iryna Frankova a Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands b Centrum 45, ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands c Department of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine Find articles by Iryna Frankova a, b, c, ⁎ , Eric Vermetten Eric Vermetten d Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands e Department of Psychiatry, New York University, USA Find articles by Eric Vermetten d, e , Olena Zhabenko Olena Zhabenko f Center for Integrative Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Rheinau, Switzerland Find articles by Olena Zhabenko f , Oleg Chaban Oleg Chaban c Department of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine Find articles by Oleg Chaban c , Stevan Hobfoll Stevan Hobfoll g STAR Consultants - STress, Anxiety-Resilience, USA Find articles by Stevan Hobfoll g , Arieh Y Shalev Arieh Y Shalev h Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Find articles by Arieh Y Shalev h , Robert Ursano Robert Ursano i Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, USA Find articles by Robert Ursano i , Yulia Kolchinska Yulia Kolchinska j Department of Substance Abuse and Mental Health, Eidsvoll Municipality, Oslo, Norway Find articles by Yulia Kolchinska j , Iryna Leshchuk Iryna Leshchuk c Department of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine Find articles by Iryna Leshchuk c , Joseph Zohar Joseph Zohar k Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel Find articles by Joseph Zohar k Author information Article notes Copyright and License information a Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands b Centrum 45, ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands c Department of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine d Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands e Department of Psychiatry, New York University, USA f Center for Integrative Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Rheinau, Switzerland g STAR Consultants - STress, Anxiety-Resilience, USA h Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel i Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, USA j Department of Substance Abuse and Mental Health, Eidsvoll Municipality, Oslo, Norway k Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel ⁎ Corresponding author. Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. [email protected] Received 2024 Jun 30; Revised 2025 Nov 29; Accepted 2026 Mar 4; Collection date 2026. © 2026 The Authors This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). PMC Copyright notice PMCID: PMC13050071 PMID: 41939970 Abstract On February 24, 2022, Russia's invasion of Ukraine marked a significant escalation of the armed conflict that began in 2014. In response, Traumatic Stress Network of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) launched the “Hot Topics in Dark Days” Virtual Meetings. This initiative, conducted bimonthly in 2022 and monthly webinars since 2023, aimed to connect mental health practitioners from war-affected communities in Ukraine with international experts. The primary goal was to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and skills in psycho-trauma management, amidst the challenges of the ongoing war. Between March 11, 2022 and November 30, 2023, the Traumatic Stress Network of the ECNP organized 29 online Zoom sessions under the “Hot Topics in Dark Days” series, addressing the Russian Federation's war against Ukraine. These sessions cumulatively offered over 40 h of interactive content, engaging 29 experts from high-income countries, 2 from an upper-middle-income country, and 28 Ukrainian mental health professionals. The meetings attracted more than 5000 live participants and garnered over 20,000 views of the recorded sessions. The “Hot Topics in Dark Days” Virtual Meetings contributed meaningfully to providing mental health professionals with the tools to understand and contextualize the traumatic events unfolding in Ukraine, fostering a sense of social cohesion and professional solidarity. The thematic analysis of the perspectives shared by key webinar experts provides valuable insights into the recurring themes on psychological and emotional impact of war and coping with prolonged traumatic situations, emphasizing the importance of unity, resilience, community support, and self-care in coping with and recovering from trauma. These meetings also served as a platform for acknowledging the challenges faced by mental health practitioners in conflict zones. The virtual format proved to be instrumental in overcoming the barriers posed by the armed conflict, ensuring accessibility to those unable to travel due to the war. Overall, this case study on the implementation of “Hot Topics in Dark Days” initiative by the Traumatic Stress Network of the ECNP represents a significant step in continuing education within the field of psycho-trauma during ongoing conflicts. It highlights the effectiveness of virtual platforms in facilitating knowledge transfer, fostering resilience, and enhancing professional networks during crises. Keywords: Ukraine, ECNP, Traumatic stress network, Hot topics in dark days, Knowledge, War, Mental health 1. Introduction In 2014, the Donetsk and Lugansk regions in Ukraine were significantly affected by an active military invasion by Russia. This conflict resulted in approximately 2% destruction of housing infrastructure and impacted 0.21% of the Ukrainian population within a month following the cessation of military operations ( Linskiy et al., 2015 ). Humanitarian crises driven by the escalation to a full-scale invasion of Russia in Ukraine on the 24th of February 2022, has led to a marked increase in the need for mental health services among affected populations ( Goto et al., 2011 ), ( Bai et al., 2022 ), ( Frankova et al., 2022 ). The people of Ukraine have endured tremendous stress due to the immediate threat to their lives, their loved ones, and their nation's sovereignty ( Shevlin et al., 2022 ). With a pre-war population of 44 million, the conflict has led to over 8 million people seeking refuge in other countries and another 8 million people becoming internally displaced ( UNHCR, 2023 ). The high prevalence of anxiety and depression, along with a significant level of distress among Ukrainian population during the ongoing war, has been increasingly reported ( Pinchuk et al., 2024 ). The 2022 invasion inflicted significant damage on Ukraine's mental health service infrastructure, resulting in staff shortages significant disparity between the mental health needs of affected populations and the services available to them ( Goto et al., 2011 ), ( Loskutov et al., 2022 ), ( Goto et al., 2023 ). According to the Public Health Center ‘National Response’ and the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, as of June 17, 2022, since February 24, 2022, Russia has destroyed 739 healthcare facilities, more than 118 of which have been completely destroyed and cannot be rebuilt ( Public Health Center of the MOH of Ukraine, 2023 ). The study by Dr. Goto showed a 23.5% reduction in hospital admissions (by April 2022). Across 32 investigated in-patient mental health facilities in Ukraine, 9.6% of admissions were trauma-related, 9.1% of all medical workers were displaced, and between 0.5% and 45.6% of staff were injured across facilities ( Goto et al., 2023 ). War created unique patient populations with unprecedented mental health challenges, necessitating urgent educational advancements for mental health professionals. In most Ukrainian universities since 2022, education is conducted online or hybrid for a variety of reasons, such as active military operations, power outages, frequent air-raid alarms, relocation of staff and students, residence in occupied territories or forced migration, etc ( Martyniuk et al., 2023 ), ( Hrynkevych et al., 2023 ), ( Novick et al., 2023 ). Moreover, a study conducted between December 2023 and February 2024, showed that nearly half of academic staff in Ukrainian universities experienced moderately severe to severe anxiety ( Tsybuliak et al., 2024a ). Displacement due to the full-scale war was identified as a significant predictor of higher anxiety levels, with men reporting higher levels than women. Universities face numerous challenges, but also develop educational solutions during ongoing periods of war in Ukraine ( Greshta et al., 2023 ), ( Tsybuliak et al., 2024b ). The war has accelerated the adoption of virtual learning and created new opportunities for international exchange, such as online partnerships and learning platforms. In response to these challenges, the Traumatic Stress Network (TSN) of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) initiated biweekly in 2022 and monthly since 2023 the “Hot Topics in Dark Days” Virtual Meetings. These sessions aim to enhance the capacity of mental health professionals in Ukraine and globally ( Liebrenz et al., 2022 ). Virtual learning offers numerous advantages, such as broad accessibility, synchronous communication, convenience, integration of multimedia, learner-centric content, and the ease of content updates. The TSN comprising experts in various fields who focus on the need to use translational and interdisciplinary approaches to come up with new concepts to target traumas and provide education opportunities. TSN stressed the importance of continuing medical education (CME), even and especially during the ongoing war. Online training methods can provide access to CME, reduce organizational, logistical costs and provide a support for those who are working in the war zones. The devastating impact on access to mental health education during the war is essential. Previous research shows that e-learning effectively supports clinical education ( Jang et al., 2014 ). Advances in information communication technology have revolutionized global information exchange and sharing ( Bleakley et al., 2011 ), ( Chen and Wang, 2005 ), ( Clark, 2002 ), ( Cook, 2005 ). However, literature on education during ongoing armed conflicts is scarce. This paper primarily aims to provide a case study focusing on the accessibility and impact of the “Hot Topics in Dark Days” Virtual Meetings on mental health professionals in the aftermath of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine and in the ensuing 22 months. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Leadership team Members of the TSN, a multidisciplinary team of mental health professional, participated in the biweekly preparation meetings of the where discussions took place regarding the topics, invitation of international experts and speakers from Ukraine to present case reports ( ECNP, 2023a ). Since full scale invasion of Russian Federation of Ukraine till the end July 2022, the frequency of the “Hot Topics in Dark Days” webinars were biweekly (every second and fourth Thursday of the month). Since August 2022, TSN has held monthly webinars on the last Thursday of the month. The leading experts in traumatic stress were invited to provide an expert opinion on one of the most urgent and relevant issues based on the request from the Ukrainian mental health community. The Ukrainian unfolding clinical case reflection followed expert opinion. Moderators of the virtual meetings are Professor Eric Vermetten (TSN core member and past chair, The Netherlands), Professor Joseph Zohar (TSN core member, past chair and past ECNP President, Israel), and Dr. Iryna Frankova (TSN core member and past chair, Ukraine) ( ECNP, 2023b ). 2.2. Setting “Hot Topics in Dark Days” are designed for the health/mental health professionals and lay workers/peer helpers working with different populations (children, adults, service members, veterans, first responders, journalists, internally/forcibly displaced persons, victims of sexual and gender-based violence) affected by war motivated to gain knowledge in the field of trauma and war-related stress. “Hot Topics in Dark Days” virtual meetings were conducted via Zoom with simultaneous English – Ukrainian translation. Later, video records were posted on YouTube Channel in English and Ukrainian languages ( Network, 2023 ), ( UPMA, 2023 ). 2.3. Data collection We evaluated the attendance, engagement, and content dissemination of the “Hot Topics in Dark Days” virtual meetings organized from March 11, 2022, to November 30, 2023. The analysis was conducted using quantitative data on registration, participation, and video views. The registration data was collected from the event management system via Zoom, which recorded the number of registrants, actual participants, and later attendance percentages were calculated. Data on viewership was collected as of June 2024 and included total views of the recorded videos on YouTube for each language. Demographic data regarding the webinar's speakers was also collected, including the number of speakers from various countries, as well as gender representation. 2.4. Data analysis 2.4.1. Quantitative analysis The quantitative data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics to summarize the key metrics. Basic statistical measures, including means, standard deviations, minimums, and maximums, were calculated for the registration numbers, attendance rates, and video views. 2.4.2. Qualitative analysis We employed a qualitative design to identify key recurring themes in the webinar's presentations. Selected audio-recorded webinar presentations were transcribed. Further thematic content analysis was conducted on the content of the webinar presentations and discussions. Key themes were identified, categorized, and analyzed based on the topics covered. For data analysis, combined consensus and split coding were used. Data were coded independently by two researchers (IF and IL) using Atlas.ti (Version 24.1.1.30813). Discrepancies were resolved using consensus discussions to ensure full alignment. First, data were coded inductively based on emerging themes by each coding author separately. Second, emerging themes were synthesized, and coded data were reorganized deductively for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3. Results 3.1. Quantitative analysis 3.1.1. Meeting topics and speakers From March 11, 2022, to November 30, 2023, TSN organized and moderated a series of 29 virtual meetings titled “Hot Topics in Dark Days”. These sessions were tailored to address the pressing needs of the mental health community in Ukraine, which faced significant challenges due to the war's impact. Themes and speakers for these meetings were selected in response to requests from this community (refer to Appendix 1 for details). The topics covered in these meetings spanned various domains, including acute stress symptom management (such as addressing nightmares, insomnia, and grief), early interventions following traumatic experiences (i.e. Psychological First Aid), targeted interventions for specific groups (military personnel, children, forcibly displaced persons, journalists), and scalable interventions (Self-Help Plus, Problem Management Plus, digital interventions). In total, thirty-one international experts, primarily from high-income countries (including Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States), presented at these virtual meetings. Notably, 9 of these international experts, accounting for 29% of the total, were women. This group included two female experts from Georgia, an upper middle-income country. Additionally, 28 Ukrainian mental health professionals contributed to the meetings by sharing insights on unfolding clinical issues from Ukraine. Among these Ukrainian experts, 17 (60.7%) were women. 3.1.2. Registration From April 2022 till the end of November 2023, we kept records for a number of registered and participated colleagues, then we also calculated the attendance percentage ( Table 1 ). From 166 to 809 participants were registered for each “Hot Topics in Dark Days” virtual meeting, a total of 9659 participants were registered. Table 1. Characteristics of the webinars accessibility. Number of webinars Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Total Registration 26 166 809 371,50 170,36 9659 Participants 26 99 471 193,65 99,56 5035 Attendance % 26 40 89 56,11 10,70 Views English 29 40 589 198,96 141,95 5173 Views Ukraine 25 72 2111 537,19 397,89 14504 Likes Englisch 29 0 59 6,43 9495 257 Open in a new tab 3.1.3. Attendance The attendance in the live online webinars was from 40% to 89%, with a mean of 56%. Attendance was calculated from those who registered for the workshop to those who participated. The most attended live seminar was “Survivability in a combat situation”, led by Erik de Soir, Belgium and Oleh Hukovskyy, Ukraine ( Appendix 1 ). 3.1.4. Videos and views A total of 27 video recordings in the English language and an additional 27 in the Ukrainian language were uploaded onto designated channels on the YouTube platform. As of the recorded date of June 30, 2024, the English videos garnered a total of 5173 views, while Ukrainian recorded videos were viewed 14,504 times. The most viewed “Hot Topic in Dark Days” in English was “Understanding and working with intrusive memories after trauma”, with Emily Holmes (Sweden) and Sofiia Lahutina (Ukraine), with 589 views. The top three most viewed “Hot Topics in Dark Days” in Ukrainian was a) “Psychological first aid to military” with Robert Ursano (USA), David Benedek (USA) and Dmytro Assonov (Ukraine); b) “Traumatic grief and grieving” with Paul Boelen (The Netherlands) and Halyna Tiutiunnyk (Ukraine) ( Boelen et al., 2022 ); c) “Multigenerational legacies of trauma” with Yael Danieli (USA) and Oleg Chaban (Ukraine), ( Danieli et al., 2023 ), ( Appendix 1 ). 3.1.5. Participants From 99 to 471 individuals participated in each online live “Hot Topics in Dark Days”. In total, 5035 participants joined online live seminars from March 2022 to December 2023. Three topics with more than three hundred online participants were a) ‘Traumatic grief and grieving’ (Paul Boelen, The Netherlands, Halyna Tiutiunnyk, Ukraine); b) ‘Leadership behaviors in war and disasters’ (Joshua Morganstein, USA, Natalia Roman, Ukraine) c) ‘Understanding and working with intrusive memories and trauma’ (Emily Holmes, Sweden, Sofiia Lahutina, Ukraine). 3.2. Thematic analysis For the thematic analysis, we selected the presentations of the speakers from the most attended webinar (n = 471): “364 Days of Full-Scale War in Ukraine,” dedicated to one year of the full-scale invasion of Russia in Ukraine, with Prof. Oleg Chaban (Ukraine), Prof. Steven Hobfoll (USA), Prof. Arieh Y. Shalev (Israel), and Prof. Robert Ursano (USA) as discussants. Prof. Oleg Chaban (OC) is a director of the scientific institute of mental health and a professor at the medical psychology, psychosomatic medicine, and psychotherapy department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine. He is the president of the Ukrainian Psychosomatic Medicine Association. Prof. Stevan Hobfoll (SH) is a leading authority on stress and resilience. He has received three-lifetime achievement awards in the area of stress and has consulted with some of the world's largest corporations, armies, and nations. Prof. Arieh Shalev (AS) is a professor emeritus at the medical school of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and an adjunct professor of psychiatry at NYU Grossman School of Medicine. He serves in many national and international task forces and advisory boards on the guidelines for diagnosis, intervention, and treatment of PTSD. He is the founding director of the Centre for Traumatic Stress at the Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem. Prof. Robert Ursano (RU) is Professor of Psychiatry and Neuroscience at the Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland. He is the founding Director of the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress. Dr. Ursano served as the Department of Defense representative to the National Advisory Mental Health Council of the National Institute of Mental Health and is a past member of the Veterans Affairs Mental Health Study Section and the National Institute of Mental Health Rapid Trauma and Disaster. A qualitative analysis of their contributions and recurring themes is summarized below. 3.2.1. Change in the mindset amidst war and resistance The insights and perspectives provided by Oleg Chaban shed light on the profound impact of war and prolonged traumatic situations on individuals and communities in Ukraine. The experiences of Ukrainians during the full-scale war have led to significant changes in their mindset and self-awareness. Ukrainians have demonstrated resilience and a willingness to protect and support their fellow citizens, even in the face of fear, adversity, and war. Chaban reflects on observations of his patients in clinical practice to show the upheaval in the self-awareness of Ukrainians residing in the country, resulting in a high level of engagement in a resistance movement ( Chaban, 2023 ). To illustrate those changes in the minds of Ukrainians since the beginning of the full-scale war, Chaban presents a clinical vignette of a client who joined the Armed Forces of Ukraine in 2014 as a volunteer and eventually became a contracting officer. [ At the beginning of the full-scale invasion, the client was captured and held as a prisoner of war in a detention center in the territory occupied by the Russian Federation. Before he was exchanged and returned to Ukraine, he endured seven months of hardships and torture. After his release, the client spent a month in a mental health rehabilitation program and had individual psychotherapy sessions aimed at coping with the symptoms of PTSD. Initially, he exhibited categorical denial, resistance to facing the traumatic experience, and an unwillingness to continue serving in the military. However, his decision naturally and unexpectedly shifted to returning to the front. He explained the reason for his decision: “I thought of all those kids, those newly recruited kids who don't have experience, without us who have that experience, even though we are traumatized, the recruits will not survive”. This shift corresponds with what has happened in the minds of many Ukrainians: despite fear, they have accepted their sense of responsibility and engaged in resistance. This contrasts with a common national saying: “My hut is on the edge; that's none of my business”, reflecting society's reluctance to intervene due to indifference (OC)]. The reluctance to get involved in political issues, participate in conflicts, and engage in problem-solving has a lot to do with the Soviet Union's legacy of repressions and persecution in Ukraine ( Zabiyaka and Zabiyaka, 2012 ), ( Power and Suvalo, 2021 ). A shift in the mindset of Ukrainian society due to the full-scale invasion could be characterized by a different ending to this expression [ My hut is on the edge, and I am the first to meet the enemies (OC)] . Even though Ukrainians continue to face fear and anxiety on a daily basis, the year of war has radically changed the consciousness of the population. [ At the beginning of the war, a state of paralysis and an inability to make decisions were prevalent, but a year later there is a sense of determination, national pride, and self-confidence (OC)]. 3.2.2. Existential crisis and perception of time The war has evolved into a critical existential crisis for the entire community, both within the country and beyond its borders. Arieh Shalev acknowledges that Western countries have not experienced total wars on their territories, and the knowledge about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and surviving warfare is largely derived from conflicts in other regions such as Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan. [ The ongoing war in Ukraine represents a new and unique template for understanding the impact of prolonged traumatic situations on individuals and communities (AS)]. The new reality has brought new survival and continuous stress habits unknown to people living in a safe environment, such as surviving winter without electricity, heating, and hot water. It poses the questions of own identity and the value of life ( Frankova et al., 2023a ). [ The exacerbated sense of responsibility could not leave questions of self-identification untouched, including the attitude toward the Ukrainian language (OC)]. Another changes the war has brought to Ukrainian society is the perception of time. In contrast to what was described during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic as suspended time, the speaker highlights that [ the war has accelerated the perception of time due to constant threats and adaptations to the new reality (OC)]. 3.2.3. Loneliness and somatization Ursano emphasizes the importance of addressing loneliness at the personal and community levels ( Ursano, 2021 ). [ In personal relations and clinical work it is empathy and acknowledgment of pain rather than minimizing or only reassuring that helps to relieve loneliness and suffering (RU)]. Shalev addresses loneliness as a problem of seriously traumatized people that have a strong correlation with suicidal behavior and dysphoria in individuals with PTSD. He stresses [ it is of critical importance not to leave distressed trauma survivors on their own (AS)]. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to recommend and, when possible, organize continuous contact and support to mitigate the effects of loneliness. In addition, Oleg Chaban recognizes that there is still a lot of unresolved anger and inner feelings of hatred among people that could potentially lead to psychosomatic problems ( Quirke et al., 2021 ). [ Somatic complaints are the standard and culturally appropriate way to report distress in somatic complaints due to stigma (OC)]. 3.2.4. Considerations in implementing five principles for mass casualty Hobfoll highlights challenges of implementation of the 5 Principles for Mass Casualty Intervention. [ It would be impossible to begin after a mass casualty event from an unprepared base. And all this is achieved through individual, group, family, organizational media, political outreach and consultation (SH)]. The level of individual intervention is probably the least important, because of the gap between the number of people affected by catastrophic events and recourses available. Scalable task shifting interventions and integration of psychosocial support into other sectors, like education, primary health, social services, workplace become of high importance. Promoting sense of safety, calming, self- and community-efficacy, connectedness and hope, the 5 principles demand attention to both complex psychological processes and messaging. They have profound implications that affect realities on the ground that require coordination with government, emergency services, hospitals and clinics, major media, website formulation, and communications technology ( Hobfoll et al., 2020 ). Timing and sequencing are critical. [ What do we do next? What about next week? Such complex programming must be developed with forethought and require time to build these bridges, achieve funding , and create “templates and policy” that are ready to be served up (SH)]. A second crucial consideration in the implementation process is the vulnerability of under-resourced communities and individuals to potential attacks or the severe consequences of mass casualties. These communities and individuals might face significant challenges in accessing aid and support. The success of interventions relies heavily on the ability of individuals and communities to actively engage with them, and this should not be taken for granted. [ It is important to recognize that people may resist evacuation if they fear losing their homes or abandoning their elderly family members. Furthermore, exposure to mass casualties, such as those caused by war, can severely impact individuals' sense of safety and trust in government. Trust, safety, hope, social connections, self-identity, communal efficacy, and psychological well-being have already been significantly compromised or destroyed. The most economically disadvantaged and least resourced members of any community are often the ones who have already suffered from the everyday occurrences of violence and tragedy or previous mass casualty events (SH)]. Therefore, understanding that interventions are implemented within an already weakened and damaged foundation is of utmost importance. It is essential to establish channels of communication and support that enable them to benefit from intervention efforts. 3.2.5. Cohesion, collective efficiency and meaningfulness War has also led to newfound unity, patriotism, and trust towards the military. To illustrate that Chaban described an episode where people applauded a service member in Kyiv's subway [ People who are defending us and dying deserve unconditional trust (OC)]. Robert Ursano labels that as concept of collective efficiency – a community of caring for each other ( Ursano et al., 2014 ). [ One example is the act of applauding together and participating in joint activities (RU)]. Such experience fosters a sense of togetherness and community resilience, signifying the strength of a shared community. Traumatic experiences that hold meaning within a community context can foster social understanding and solidarity, which are essential for recovery and resilience. Meaningfulness is often bestowed by groups and societies and Shalev encourages group leaders and health care providers to assist survivors' efforts to attribute positive meaning to their traumatic war experiences. [ The meaningfulness of traumatic experiences plays a significant role in how individuals perceive and cope with trauma . The support and shared experiences of affected groups can help maintain cohesion and provide a sense of belonging (AS)]. 3.2.6. Connectedness and hope Resilience, community support coping strategies, the importance of meaning-making and joy, even in the face of trauma and adversity, are crucial factors that constitute recovery. Shalev emphasizes that individuals are not isolated during times of war but are part of a larger community, groups, and families. Much of the assistance and help come from supporting and maintaining cohesive communities capable of assisting individuals who are suffering. [ Cohesiveness and connection are essential for the unity of the community (AS)]. Sustaining individual relationships and our community relationships is important to our endurance in the future, ability to feel hope, and resilience in the face of war. In addition, hope is a critical factor in sustaining one's life in challenging situations. [ Hope is sustained not only on the individual level, for example in clinical work and everyday activities but also on the interpersonal and collective levels, with symbols and expressions of hope playing a vital role in maintaining a sense of unity and shared purpose (RU)]. Shalev presents compelling ideas and insights regarding coping with trauma and prolonged traumatic situations, particularly in the context of ongoing warfare. He identifies four critical parameters used to assess an individual's or a community's ability to cope with the conditions of warfare ( Shalev, 2022 ), ( Chaban, 2022 ). [ These parameters include one's capacity to perform tasks, emotional regulation, positive self-perception, and the ability to maintain emotional connections with others in society. In the absence of alternatives, individuals often find the strength to cope and adapt. Additionally, the use of denial as a coping mechanism under extreme stress is common, but that it is not a long-term solution (AS)]. Stevan Hobfoll stresses that even in difficult situations, people can find ways to cope, function, and sometimes even exceed their expectations. [ And even “not doing well” in these situations, people might still be doing a lot better than they ever thought possible or that might be predicted. That's why it is so important to think about this concept and discuss achievements with patients, which could go unnoticed or undermined (SH)]. Moreover, he highlights that despite psychiatry and psychology being pathology-based, admitting and finding words to name strengths and achievements is essential ( Hobfoll et al., 2021 ). Finally, Ursano mentions the value of being able to forget, not in the sense of erasing memories but in setting aside traumatic experiences temporarily to be able to experience moments of joy and pleasure ( Ursano, 2023 ). [ The ability to forget is an important coping mechanism that can significantly sustain meaning in life Finding joy and sharing collective connections are essential elements for enduring and moving forward in the face of prolonged traumatic situations (RU)]. 3.2.7. Self-care Finally the topic that was brought up was the topic of self-care. [ It is well-known how bad people among helping professions, like psychologists or health or social workers, are in seeking help for themselves (SH)]. Experts highlighted the need to take a break in order to restore the ability to join the difficult experience. [ It is challenging for professionals to be continuously in close contact with painful emotions and experiences in the midst of ongoing war (RU)]. Hobfoll encourages to pursue any available help and support for coping, for instance, using medication or psychotherapeutic sessions if it is necessary. [ It is crucial not to dwell solely on hardships and setting aside time for worries, and exploring distractions like exercise, music, and creative activities (SH)]. However, it is also important to remember that in times of distress, alcohol abuse could become a false remedy that, even in low doses, interferes with sleep and, as a result, undermines the ability to manage stress ( Hobfoll et al., 2007 ). Arieh Shalev suggests avoiding the prolonged use of benzodiazepines for individuals with difficulties related to trauma ( Gelpin et al., 1996 ). [ These medications can be addictive and subject to abuse, potentially exacerbating the long-term effects of trauma (AS)]. 4. Discussion This case study yielded several key findings on organization of virtual meetings, it's reach and impact, audience engagement and global experts' involvement. • Traumatic Stress Network of the ECNP organized and conducted 29 “Hot Topics in Dark Days” virtual meetings via Zoom. The current paper covered sessions from March 11, 2022 till November 30, 2023, during the ongoing Russian Federation's military aggression against Ukraine. The bi-monthly meetings continue and are planned to continue in 2026. This initiative was a strategic response to the urgent need for continued professional development and support among mental health practitioners during this tumultuous period. • The series offered an extensive engagement of over 40 h of interactive online content. This substantial amount of material reflects a deep commitment to addressing a wide array of mental health issues exacerbated by the conflict, offering practitioners the latest insights and strategies in trauma management and psychological support. • The initiative included a diverse group of 31 experts from various high-income countries and upper-middle-income country. Additionally, the active participation of 28 Ukrainian mental health professionals provided valuable local perspectives and experiences, enhancing the relevance and applicability of the discussions to the Ukrainian context. • The meetings attracted more than 5000 live participants and received over 20,000 views of the recordings. This significant reach demonstrates the high demand for specialized knowledge in managing mental health during times of crisis and highlights the effectiveness of the TSN's approach in disseminating this timely information. • The recurring themes presented in the webinar discussions reflect the multifaceted experiences of individuals and communities affected by war. The themes of trauma, resilience, community support, and hope for the future are woven throughout the conversation, highlighting the importance of collective healing and the shared responsibility of supporting one another in times of atrocity. In-depth discussions on acute stress reaction management, including managing traumatic intrusions, sleep disturbances, and grief, resonated the most with audiences, as evidenced by the high viewership of these sessions ( Liebrenz et al., 2022 ), ( Dziuba, 2022 ). This suggests a pressing need for practical skills and knowledge in these areas among mental health professionals ( Frankova et al., 2023b ). Furthermore, the program significantly contributed to the field of military psychology and psychiatry. Notably, the session on “Psychological First Aid,” recorded on March 17, 2022, emerged as the most viewed, reflecting the urgency and relevance of this topic in the context of war. Sessions focusing on frontline mental health issues, such as ‘Survivability in combat situations,’ were also highly attended, indicating a critical need for mental health support in combat and frontline scenarios. The escalation of the Ukrainian conflict in February 2022 led to a surge in the ranks of the Armed Forces, with over 700,000 Ukrainians enlisting ( Bleakley et al., 2011 ), ( Chen and Wang, 2005 ). This sudden increase underscored the necessity for mental health services not only for the military personnel but also for their families, leading to a heightened role for civilian psychologists in providing support. In terms of knowledge transfer the impact resulted in several elements: • The virtual meetings underscored the importance of continuous education and adaptation in mental health practices, especially in response to the dynamic and challenging circumstances of armed conflict. The platform allowed for the exchange of ideas and experiences among experts from diverse geographical and professional backgrounds, enriching the overall learning experience. • The online format of the “Hot Topics in Dark Days” meetings made it possible for participants to engage with the material in a flexible manner. This was particularly important for professionals working in high-pressure environments or those who were directly affected by the conflict. • One of the significant contributions of these meetings was their ability to provide meaning and context to the ongoing events, by offering insights and explanations. This understanding is vital for psychological healing and resilience, as it helps individuals and communities make sense of their experiences and find ways to cope. • The virtual meetings fostered a sense of social cohesion among participants. By bringing together mental health professionals from various regions, particularly those directly impacted by the conflict, these sessions created a community of practice. This communal aspect was vital for fostering a sense of solidarity and shared purpose, reinforcing the idea that no one was alone in facing the challenges brought about by the conflict, enhancing the overall resilience of the group. • Acknowledgment of the hardships, struggles, and triumphs of mental health professionals in these trying times was another pivotal aspect of these meetings. This recognition provided a form of emotional support, validating the experiences of those who were working tirelessly on the front lines of mental health care under exceptionally difficult circumstances. • Importantly, the virtual format of the “Hot Topics in Dark Days” meetings was instrumental in bringing online information and support to those in Ukraine who were unable to travel due to the conflict. This approach ensured that even those in the most affected areas had access to the latest knowledge, and peer support, essential for maintaining high standards of care. The “Hot Topics in Dark Days” Virtual Meetings exemplified the potential of virtual platforms in disseminating crucial information on trauma management. They highlighted how online formats can be leveraged to enhance the knowledge and resilience of health and mental health professionals, even in the midst of a conflict. The curriculum developed for these meetings could serve as a pioneering model for delivering consistent and impactful training during complex emergencies or conflicts. Such online learning environments offer flexibility and convenience, crucial for professionals working under the demanding and unpredictable conditions of war, ensuring that they remain informed and adhere to the critical 'do no harm' principle in their practice ( Velykodna et al., 2023 ). However, it's important to note the limitations, including its reliance on a self-selected and highly motivated group of participants, and the absence of an assessment for actual changes in practice as a result of the training. Additionally, while the meetings were conducted in two language groups, the generalizability of the findings to other linguistic or cultural contexts remains to be determined. 5. Conclusion The “Hot Topics in Dark Days” Virtual Meetings, organized by TSN of the ECNP, demonstrated high accessibility and clear relevance for the Mental Health community in Ukraine. This was particularly evident immediately following the escalation of the armed conflict and continued to be the case over the subsequent 22 months. The timing and persistence of these virtual meetings were crucial, as they provided ongoing support and resources during a period of significant upheaval and stress for both mental health professionals and the communities they serve. The meeting facilitated timely knowledge transfer that strengthened resilience among clinicians. By providing up-to-date information, practical strategies, and peer support, the virtual meetings served as a vital conduit for mental health professionals. They not only gained insights into handling acute stress reactions, trauma, and psychological first aid but also learned about the latest approaches and techniques for treating various mental health issues arising in the context of war. The sessions, through their accessible and inclusive format supported professional connectedness, fostered social cohesion, and offered much-needed acknowledgment to mental health professionals. This initiative, by bridging physical distances and bringing vital resources to those in conflict zones, demonstrated how shared learning and community support can help sustain resilience during ongoing crisis. Contributors All authors contributed to the conception, material preparation, data collection, and/or analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Ethics statement All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee responsible in human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Role of funding source This research received no specific grant funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Iryna Frankova reports administrative support was provided by European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge Ukrainian mental health professionals, Ukrainian and international participants, and international experts in actively participating in “Hot Topics in Dark Days”. Footnotes This article is part of a special issue entitled: Transdiagnostic approaches to brain disorders published in Neuroscience Applied. Appendix 1. Hot Topic Virtual Meetings Metrics Date Topic Speaker Speaker Registrations Participants Attendance % Views EN Views UA 1 11.03.2022 Early psychosocial interventions during unprecedented times Marit Sijbrandij (Netherlands) Iryna Frankova (Ukraine) n/a n/a n/a 484 n/a 2 17.03.2022 Psychological first aid to military Robert Ursano, David Benedek (USA) Dmytro Assonov (Ukraine) n/a n/a n/a 488 2111 3 31.03.2022 Nightmares and disturbed sleep in PTSD Victor Spoormaker (Germany) Kateryna Melamud (Ukraine) n/a n/a n/a 239 n/a 4 14.04.2022 Optimization of survival and War related sexual violence Arieh Y. Shalev (Israel), Lela Tsiskarishvili (Georgia) Kateryna Ostrovska (Ukraine) 185 106 57 342 669 5 28.04.2022 Understanding and working with intrusive memories after trauma Emily Holmes (Sweden) Sofiia Lahutina (Ukraine) 600 319 53 589 839 6 12.05.2022 Survivability in combat situation Erik De Soir (Belgium) Oleh Hukovskyy (Ukraine) 312 288 89 145 702 7 26.05.2022 Five principles of mass casualty intervention amidst the reality of war's onslaught Stevan Hobfoll (USA) Oleg Chaban (Ukraine) 479 291 60 216 600 8 09.06.2022 Supporting the occupational health of journalists covering war Elana Newman (USA) Jana Javakhishvili (Georgia) 186 102 54 104 231 9 23.06.2022 Supporting children during war Dennis Ougrin (UK) Maryna Gumeniuk (Ukraine) 453 228 50 149 396 10 07.07.2022 Leadership behaviors in war and disasters Joshua Morganstein (USA) Natalia Roman (Ukraine) 689 328 47 122 391 11 21.07.2022 Psychiatric care during ongoing operations Rakesh Jetly (Canada) Orest Suvalo (Ukraine) 525 226 43 114 576 12 25.08.2022 Sexual Violence and Mental Health Iva Bicanic (Netherlands) Marta Chumalo (Ukraine) 345 183 53 146 386 13 08.09.2022 Traumatic grief and grieving Transition back from war Paul Boelen (Netherlands) Halyna Tiutiunnyk (Ukraine) 695 376 54 372 969 14 22.09.2022 Transition back from war Carl Castro (USA) Olena Nahorna (Ukraine) 271 146 53 74 434 15 06.10.2022 Mental health interventions for displaced communities Adam Brown (USA) The Valentyna Parobiy (Ukraine) 248 101 40 96 430 17 03.11.2022 Multigenerational legacies of trauma Yael Danieli (USA) Oleg Chaban (Ukraine) 409 264 64 190 941 17 17.11.2022 Social media and digital tools for mental health in Ukraine Isaac Galatzer Levy (USA) Artem Lozin (Ukraine) 166 108 65 40 211 18 01.12.2022 Scalable interventions to address mental health (Self Help Plus and Doing What Matters in Times of Stress) Ken Carswell (Switzerland) Galyna Naumenko (Ukraine) 309 170 55 100 592 19 15.12.2022 Enhancing childrens resilience during war Robin Gurwitch (USA) Viktoria Gorbunova (Ukraine) 311 156 50 n/a 373 20 26.01.2023 Spirituality and mental health during war Suzette Bremault-Phillips (Canada) Serhii Kyryliuk (Ukraine) 236 154 65 114 474 21 23.02.2023 364 days of full scale war in Ukraine Stevan Hobfoll (USA), Arieh Y Shalev (Israel), Robert Ursano (USA) Oleg Chaban (Ukraine) 809 471 58 209 652 22 30.03.2023 Mental health and support needs of Ukraine's displaced people one year later Ganna Goloktionova (Denmark/Ukraine) Olga Khan (Poland/Ukraine) 245 108 44 108 203 23 27.04.2023 Treatment of sleep disturbances following trauma Katherine Miller (USA) Olena Khaustova (Ukraine) 341 137 40 154 873 24 25.05.2023 Ketamin in treatment of PTSD Adriana Feder (USA) Jiri Horacek (Czech Republic) 278 101 36 219 319 25 29.06.2023 Veterans peer support on coping with PTSD Robin Imthorn (The Netherlands) Artem Denysov (Ukraine) 202 105 52 179 314 26 31.08.2023 Integrated dual diagnose treatment Jakob Krarup (Denmark) Volodymyr Korostiy (Ukraine) 332 165 47 72 234 27 28.09.2023 Recent advances in the prediction and prevention of suicidal behaviour Matthew K. 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