"Wondrous Emanations of a Transcendently Transfigured Sublimity and Profundity": The Reception of Beethoven's Last Three Piano Sonatas in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

Ludwig van Beethoven’s last three piano sonatas, Opp. 109, 110, and 111, have captured the imaginations of critics from the nineteenth century to the present. As “late” works penned towards the end of the composer’s life, these sonatas have often been read as infused with existential or transcendent