Evaluation of the Effect of Smoking on Apelin, Periostin, and High-Sensitivity CRP Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum

Periodontal health is influenced by various local and systemic factors, with smoking being one of the major environmental risk factors. This clinical study is designed to investigate the biochemical profiles of individuals by measuring apelin, periostin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in both gingival crevicular fluid and serum. The participants will be divided into specific study groups based on their smoking status and periodontal condition. Samples of gingival crevicular fluid and serum will be collected under standard clinical protocols, and biomarker concentrations will be analyzed quantitatively using the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method to evaluate their potential correlation with periodontal status.