Adrenal Venous Sampling Via an Antecubital Approach

Currently, adrenal venous sampling (AVS) serves as the gold standard for subtyping of PA. Right adrenal vein catheterization is often difficult due to unfavorable anatomy of the vein including small vein size, short length, caudal direction for the transfemoral approach, and rare drainage to the accessory hepatic vein. All of these factors limit the widespread use of this approach. Given that the right adrenal vein is angled caudally in most patients, AVS via an antecubital approach was performed since January 2012. The purpose of this multicenter retrospective study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of AVS via the antecubital approach.