Effect of Topical Anesthesia on Hemodynamics During the Induction Period in Patients Undergo Cardiac Surgery.

The aim of the induction is to decrease stress response of endotracheal intubation. It is also important to keep hemodynamics stable during and after the induction period. Previous studies have shown that topical anesthesia can provide excellent superior supraglottic and subglottic local anesthetic effects and can significantly reduce the dosage of intravenous anesthetics. Therefore, it is significant to explore whether the combination of topical anesthesia and intravenous anesthetics could decrease the stress response of endotracheal intubation and keep hemodynamics stable during and after the induction period.