Ketamine Versus Propofol Effect on the Immune-mediatory Response for Abdominal Surgery

Host systemic responses to vigorous stimuli as trauma, surgical tissue injury, anesthesia and post-operative pain, leads to release a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mainly from monocytes and macrophages Thus, the rise of IL-6 is regarded as an early marker of tissue damage and its rise proportional to the degree of tissue damage . It has been demonstrated that systemic responses to stress may be modified by the anesthetic technique used . Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) especially propofol based greatly suppresses the stress response induced by surgery when compared to inhalation by lowering cortisol levels. Ketamine has the ability to modulate (modify) inflammation . Even the sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine in animal models were even provided to have an effect on the inflammatory response system in the central nervous system