Metabolic Flexibility and Ketone Production During Energy Deficit

This randomized, interventional study examines the effects of short-term carbohydrate restriction, with and without caloric restriction, on indices of metabolic flexibility in healthy adults. Participants are randomly assigned to either a low-carbohydrate diet or a standard diet under energy balance, followed by the same diet under controlled caloric restriction. Primary outcomes include measures of carbon dioxide production, breath ketones and interstitial glucose. Secondary outcomes include blood and urinary ketones, body weight, body composition, and selected metabolic biomarkers.