Effect of Labetalol, Magnesium Sulfate, or Lidocaine on Opioid Consumption During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) is one of the most common abdominal operations performed worldwide. Despite its minimally invasive approach, up to half of patients experience notable postoperative pain, which often requires opioid painkillers. Reducing perioperative opioid consumption through non-opioid medications helps minimize opioid-related side effects, improve comfort, and enhance postoperative recovery. The primary purpose of this clinical trial is to compare the pain-relieving and opioid-sparing effects of three intravenous medications (labetalol, magnesium sulfate, and lidocaine) administered during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Adult participants aged 18 to 60 years will be randomly assigned to one of three parallel groups: * Group Lb: Receives intravenous labetalol as an initial loading infusion before induction followed by a continuous infusion during surgery. * Group M: Receives intravenous magnesium sulfate as an initial loading infusion before induction followed by a continuous infusion during surgery. * Group L: Receives intravenous lidocaine as an initial loading infusion before induction followed by a continuous infusion during surgery. The main outcome measured is total perioperative opioid consumption during surgery and throughout the first 24 postoperative hours. Investigators will also assess hemodynamic parameters (heart rate and blood pressure), blood oxygen levels, postoperative pain intensity scores, surgeon satisfaction, and the occurrence of any adverse effects.