Supporting Preventive Practices in Primary Care: Amplifying the Potential of Opportunistic Interventions

In France, as worldwide, the prevalence of chronic conditions is increasing, with high burden on populations and healthcare systems. Behaviour is a key risk factor, and needs to be tackled within the social and environmental context in which it occurs. For example in 2017, the French eat too much processed food and salt, not enough fibers, 34% are overweight and 17% obese, and 80% present excessive sedentary time. In parallel, in France 5.4% of all cancers were attributable to sub-optimal nutrition (especially low fruits consumption and dietary fibers, and high processed meats consumption), and 6.3% to overweight/obesity or insufficient physical activity. Governments and health systems, including in France, have therefore considered a priority to intervene preventively on health behaviours throughout the lifespan. For a populational approach to prevention via behaviour change, primary care professionals are best placed to intervene, due to the long-term relationship that can be established with healthcare users in their everyday life environments, and the many opportunities for brief interventions which can be delivered and followed up depending on individual needs. Research suggests that brief interventions can be effective in producing small but important changes in behaviour (Keyworth 2020) particularly if the intervention is based on a theoretical model of behaviour change (e.g., Prochaska's transtheoretical model or Bandura's cognitive social theory). One such Public Health program is Making Every Contact Count (MECC), a program developed in England and deployed since 2007 and more recently implemented in Wales and Ireland as well. The development and implementation have been supported by epidemiological, behaviour change and implementation science research and continues to adapt to current challenges in preventive healthcare needs and provision. The "Healthy Conversation Skills" is a training program for healthcare professionals within the MECC program that