DESIR. Evaluation of the Pre-therapeutic Activity of Dihydropyrimidine dEShydrogenase (DPD) in Patients With Cancer and/or Renal Failure

Fluoropyrimidine drugs (5-Fluorouracil or 5-FU and its prodrug capecitabine) are a widely used in the treatment of numerous solid tumors in adults. Approximately 85% of administered 5-FU is rapidly catabolized in the liver into inactive dihydrofluorouracil (5-FUH2) by dihydro-pyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), leaving only a small fraction of the initial drug for an eventual transformation into cytotoxic metabolites. Impeded DPD activity is associated to an increase of cytotoxic metabolites leading to potentially very severe toxicities. To prevent these toxicities, a pre-therapeutic measurement of plasma uracil can help assess DPD activity. Indeed, uracil is an endogenous substrate of DPD and an increase in its plasma concentration may be associated with a decrease in DPD activity. In this case, a reduction of the fluoropyrimidine dose is suggested. However, the investigators observed that uracilemia increased concomitantly to the severity of renal impairment. There are two possible explanations for this observation. Either the renal impairment reduces the renal elimination of uracil from blood, or DPD activity is actually impaired. In both cases, this can explain an increase in plasma uracil concentration. However, the impact on fluoropyrimidine dosage is different in the two cases. If the increase in uracilemia is due to renal impairment, DPD activity remains unaffected and there is no need to reduce the fluoropyrimidine dose. If DPD activity is actually impaired, a reduction in the fluoropyrimidine dose is required. In cases of renal impairment, uracilemia may therefore not be as relevant for DPD assessment as in the absence of renal impairment. To assess if DPD activity is actually impede during renal impairment, the DPD activity of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) will be assessed together with uracilemia in patients with or without renal impairment. As uracilemia decreases after dialysis, the DPD activity of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs