Robot-assisted vs. Open Nipple-sparing Mastectomy With Immediate Breast Reconstruction

Research Purpose The present study is designed to generate the strongest evidence available on the role of robotic surgical systems in breast cancer surgery and to elucidate the clinical value of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) conducted in conjunction with robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (RNSM). Study Design Overview This study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial (ROM Trial) designed to compare the oncologic outcomes of robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (RNSM) with conventional nipple-sparing mastectomy (CNSM), which includes both traditional and open-chest approaches. Previous retrospective studies of robot-assisted endoscopic surgery have suggested a short learning curve, demonstrating technical feasibility and reproducibility even for less experienced surgeons. However, the absence of rigorously designed randomized clinical trials remains a major global barrier to the broader adoption of robotic breast surgery. In the ROM Trial, eligible patients who provide written informed consent will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo either RNSM or CNSM. Participants will be blinded to group allocation until the day of surgery (single-blind design). Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) will be performed in all patients, with the reconstruction method determined in consultation with the breast and/or plastic surgeon following mastectomy.