Sucralose as a Way to Enhance Regulatory T Cells

Title: Taking the SWEET approach to protect the transplanted kidney. Background: Kidneys are essential organs in our body. When they do not work, patients require machines to help them or receive a new kidney from a donor (transplantation) to survive. Thus far, transplantation is the best treatment. However, the immune system will recognize the new kidney as foreign and try to destroy it, which is called kidney rejection. To prevent rejection, patients with kidney transplants depend on drugs to suppress the immune system. However, these drugs have many side effects, including the risk of infection, cancer, and diabetes. The immune system is made of many different types of cells. One cell type in particular is T cells that, when kept unchecked, will attack the kidney transplant. However, there is a small subset of these T cells called regulatory T cells (Tregs) that police the immune system and aid in accepting the new kidney. Current ways to increase these police cells (Tregs) after a transplant are expensive and not widely available. Therefore, there is a need to find a better and more accessible way to increase Treg numbers after a transplant to increase the longevity of the newly transplanted kidney. What we eat is critical in shaping the immune system. Artificial sweeteners, like sucralose (found in Splenda), are often used as a sugar substitute. They are low in calories and safe to consume. However, recent studies suggest they may have unexpected effects on the body. Research in mice has shown that sucralose impacts the immune system. Specifically, the investigators have found that it could suppress T cells that could cause kidney rejection while increasing the Tregs (the police). Given these findings, the investigators hypothesize that sucralose could be beneficial in conditions where dampening the immune system is desirable, such as in the case of transplantation. By boosting Tregs and reducing the anti-transplant T cells, sucralose may help to protect ag