Development of a Clinical Prediction Rule to Identify Patients With Shoulder Pain Likely to Benefit From Cervicothoracic Manipulation

The investigators seek to develop a clinical prediction rule (CPR) to identify patients with a primary complaint of shoulder pain who are likely to benefit from manual therapy to the neck and upper back regions. Manual therapy will include mobilizations (therapist moves the joints in an oscillating fashion) and manipulations (therapist performs a high velocity low amplitude movement) The investigators hypothesize that a cluster of signs and symptoms from the subject history and physical examination will exist that maximize the accuracy of identifying patients with a primary complaint of shoulder pain likely to benefit from this manual therapy treatment based on a reference standard of patient-reported improvement. The investigators also seek to investigate the psychometric properties (how good a test is), including test retest reliability of a modified version of the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the shortened Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) in patients with shoulder pain. The investigators will also look at the convergent validity (determine if measures that should be related are in reality related) and discriminant validity (show that measures that should not be related are in reality not related) of the modified FABQ and the TSK-11 in patients with shoulder pain.