The Effect of Otolith Dysfunction and Its Rehabilitation in Vestibular Diseases

This randomized controlled study compared the clinical and electrophysiological effectiveness of three vestibular rehabilitation approaches in patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular disease accompanied by otolith dysfunction: (1) traditional Cawthorne-Cooksey exercises (CCE), (2) two-dimensional (2D) otolith-targeted visual habituation, and (3) three-dimensional/virtual reality (3D/VR) otolith-targeted visual habituation. Forty-five patients aged 18-60 years were randomized into three groups and followed for 6 weeks. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) was used as the primary clinical outcome, and cervical and ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMP and oVEMP) were used as objective electrophysiological measures. Patients were monitored remotely using the Moodle learning management system.