The Quintom theory of dark energy after DESI DR2

[2505.24732] The Quintom theory of dark energy after DESI DR2 Skip to main content Search Submit Donate Log in Search arXiv Press Enter to search · Advanced search Astrophysics > Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics arXiv:2505.24732 (astro-ph) [Submitted on 30 May 2025 ( v1 ), last revised 11 Apr 2026 (this version, v3)] Title: The Quintom theory of dark energy after DESI DR2 Authors: Yifu Cai , Xin Ren , Taotao Qiu , Mingzhe Li , Xinmin Zhang View a PDF of the paper titled The Quintom theory of dark energy after DESI DR2, by Yifu Cai and 4 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract: Observations from DESI DR2 are challenging the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm by suggesting that the equation-of-state parameter of dark energy evolves across $w = -1$, a phenomenon known as the Quintom scenario. Inspired by this development, we present a staged review of Quintom cosmology including its theoretical foundations, observational supports, and implications as well as possible extensions. We first trace the historical progression from Einstein's static cosmological constant to modern dynamical dark energy, summarizing recent cosmological constraints that favor an evolving $w(z)$ along time. A key focus is the theoretical no-go theorem for dark energy showing that no single canonical field or perfect fluid model can smoothly cross the $w = -1$ boundary. We then survey viable Quintom constructions, including two-field models, single-scalar fields with higher derivatives, modified gravity frameworks, interacting dark energy, and an effective field theory approach that unifies these mechanisms. Possible interactions of Quintom fields with ordinary matter and the potential roles in yielding non-singular universe solutions are discussed. Comments: 25 pages, 6 figures, Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ; General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) Cite as: arXiv:2505.24732 [astro-ph.CO] (or arXiv:2505.24732v3 [astro-ph.CO] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.24732 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Journal reference: National Science Review, Volume 13, Issue 10, May 2026, nwag115, Related DOI : https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwag115 Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources Submission history From: Xin Ren [ view email ] [v1] Fri, 30 May 2025 15:54:16 UTC (2,611 KB) [v2] Sun, 1 Mar 2026 13:41:07 UTC (6,030 KB) [v3] Sat, 11 Apr 2026 09:17:44 UTC (6,021 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled The Quintom theory of dark energy after DESI DR2, by Yifu Cai and 4 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: astro-ph.CO < prev | next > new | recent | 2025-05 Change to browse by: astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph hep-th References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... 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