Thermally-driven equiaxation of columnar grains and α″ nanoparticles enabling isotropic β-Ti alloys with strength–ductility synergy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

The transient thermal cycling characteristics during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) induce elemental segregation and columnar growth, resulting in significant mechanical anisotropy and strength–ductility trade-off in titanium alloys. In order to break through this bottleneck, this work proposes a st