Exposure to tire particles leachates reduces clearance rate, increases trace metal accumulation and mortality, and impairs gut microbiota in mussels (Mytilus edulis)

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are a major source of microplastics in the environment, including aquatic ecosystems. Their leachates are of growing concern due to their acute toxicity on aquatic organisms. This study investigated the effects of tire leachates on mortality, clearance rate, metal accumula