Isolation and purification of β-sitosterol from avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill.) seed extract using a multi-step chromatographic approach

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seeds are an abundant, largely-discarded fruit-processing by-product rich in bioactive phytosterols. This study developed a systematic, scalable protocol for valorising this waste by isolating high-purity β-sitosterol. Dried seeds of the Minion variety were