Celecoxib in Parkinson Disease as Adjuvant Therapy

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by bradykinesia, hypokinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability. These motor manifestations are attributed to the degeneration and selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), leading to a dopamine (DA) deficiency in the striatum. Neuroinflammation is considered one of the most important factors contributing critically to pathophysiology of PD . Recently, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein has been encoded as a potential inflammatory biomarker in PD