Effects of Low-level Laser Therapy on Spasticity and Gait Parameters in Chronic Stroke Patients With Spastic Plantar Flexors

Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide. Many patients who survive a stroke experience muscle stiffness (called spasticity), especially in the ankle and foot muscles, which makes walking difficult and painful. Spasticity in the plantar flexor muscles those that help push the foot down can lead to poor balance, limited mobility, and increased risk of falls. This study aims to explore the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on spasticity and walking ability in patients who have had a stroke for more than six months (chronic stroke). LLLT is a non-invasive, painless treatment that uses low-intensity light to stimulate tissue healing, reduce muscle tightness, and improve nerve function. A total of 18 chronic stroke patients with spastic plantar flexors were included in this randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Study group: Received low-level laser therapy along with conventional physiotherapy. Control group: Received conventional physiotherapy alone. Each patient received therapy for three weeks. The study evaluated outcomes using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) for muscle spasticity, the Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS) for walking quality, and a Goniometer for ankle joint range of motion. Assessments were done before and after treatment. The results showed that both groups improved significantly, but patients who received laser therapy demonstrated greater reduction in spasticity and better gait performance compared to those who received conventional therapy alone. This study suggests that low-level laser therapy can be a useful addition to conventional rehabilitation programs for improving walking ability and reducing spasticity in stroke patients.