Gone Without a Bang: A Search for Failed Core-Collapse Supernovae in ZTF and Predictions for Rubin and Roman

The core-collapse of massive stars (${\geq}10\ \rm M_\odot$) usually takes the form of a supernova, but in some cases may lead to a direct collapse, leading to a failed core-collapse supernova (FccSN). Wide-field time-domain surveys, such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), are a useful tool to