The Road to Liberation is Paved with Threats: A Biopsychosocial Perspective on Minoritized Individuals’ Responses to Hierarchy-Disruptive Social Change

When social equates to social mobility, it elicits adaptive (“challenge”) stress responses among low-status individuals. Instead, hierarchy-disruptive social change may impose under-theorized demands on minoritized individuals, eliciting maladaptive (‘threat’) stress. Thus, LGBTQ+ (n = 57) and cisge