Privacy-Preserving Vertical Federated Learning for Artificial Intelligence Agriculture Disease Detection Under Cross-Cooperative Data Custody: A Computer Leakage-Audit Evaluation

Vertical federated learning (VFL) allows cooperatives that hold different feature blocks for the same farms to train a shared disease-detection model without pooling raw data. The privacy claim, however, is usually asserted rather than audited: a VFL protocol can be formally private under one lea