Effectiveness of Inspiratory Muscle Training for People With Ischemic Heart Disease Revascularized by Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty.

Myocardial Ischemia (MI) consists of the narrowing of the internal lumen of the arteries that perfuse the heart. As the section of the artery decreases, so does the blood flow and therefore the supply of oxygen to the myocardium, which can cause angina pectoris or even an acute myocardial infarction. It is the leading cause of death from cardiovascular disease, responsible for 9.44 million deaths in 2021 and 185 million disability-adjusted life years. For this reason, it is one of the most important public health problems in all countries in the world that entails high health and social spending. The non-pharmacological strategy with the most evidence currently to improve the quality of life of patients and also prevent subsequent cardiovascular events are cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP). These include smoking cessation, control of other cardiovascular risk factors, health education, psychological therapy and a multimodal exercise program. Two types of exercise are performed, cardiovascular or aerobic resistance and strength. There is limited evidence on the addition of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in people with MI. For this reason, it is not routinely recommended in clinical practice guidelines. Therefore, this thesis project, based on a clinical trial, tries to increase knowledge on this topic. In view of the above, the main objective of this project is to analyze the effectiveness of adding inspiratory muscle training to a CRP of people with ischemic heart disease revascularized by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) after 16 intervention sessions, based on to functional capacity, in addition to muscle strength, social support, anxiety, depression, coping with the disease, sexual dysfunction, quality of life, quality of sleep, eating habits and body composition. On the other hand, the secondary objectives are to know the biopsychosocial profile of this population and analyze gender differences through a subgroup analysis. To achie