Dietary Strategy to Tackle Cognitive and Locomotor Abilities in Early Elderly Subjects

Polyphenols, precisely resveratrol, with red wine as the most substantial source, was associated with improvements in cognitive function. Also, the loss of muscle mass and strength in elderly, that significantly increases dependency of these people, it could be attributed to alterations in gut microbiota through the "gut-muscle axis" and this underline the urgent need to efficiently find out any intervention or preventive approach via modulation of gut microbiota to improve muscle function in elderly. In this context, red wine polyphenols exert their effects through interaction with gut microbiota following the well-known two-way interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota by promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and increasing their abundance. Similarly, aging cognitive decline can be modulate by microbiota, notably through "gut-brain axis". Additionally, dietary polyphenols can delay inflammation or/and oxidation on the onset of age-related cognitive decline or muscular oxidation or cardiovascular factors risk factors, all of them relevant factors for the onset of physical frailty and dependence in elderly. Moreover, wine is a singular alcoholic beverage with a high content of phenolic compounds of a very diverse nature on which numerous protective effects on health have been described. In fact, wine, in addition to alcohol, contains a complex mixture of polyphenols, including anthocyanins and non-coloured phenols as proanthocyanidins, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, stilbenes and lignans. Thus, the bioprotective effects of wine polyphenols could be the consequence of the synergistic effect of this complex mixture of polyphenols from the grape and the winemaking process. That is why it is essential to clarify whether consumption of polyphenols from red wine provided by a nonalcohol red wine within a healthy diet can produce beneficial effects on health, differentiating this pattern from a general consumption of alcohol gen