Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease With Depression or Cognitive Impairment

Depressive symptoms are common non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease and seriously affect the quality of life and prognosis of patients. Currently, treatment measures for patients with Parkinson's disease with depression are mainly limited to pharmacotherapy, but the side effects of antidepressants and their interaction with anti-Parkinsonian drugs limit the use of pharmacotherapy. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a new painless and non-invasive neuromodulation technique that is commonly used in the treatment of depression. As the number of people with Parkinson's disease increases in China, the number of patients with Parkinson's disease and depression requiring rTMS treatment will also increase. The size and shape of individual brains, the distance between the stimulation coil and the responding neuronal tissue, and the location and orientation of anatomical structures are all different, and the use of common localization methods is usually limited by these individual anatomical differences. The traditional method relies on manual positioning of the coil, which is time-consuming and inefficient, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of position, angle, and coil orientation simultaneously. Studies have shown that the benefits of using navigation for rTMS treatment are up to twice as high as those of non-navigation methods. Therefore precise localization is a must for the future standardized application of rTMS in the development of patients with Parkinson's disease with depression. In this study, we applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with neuronavigation to treat patients with Parkinson's disease and depression, and reconstructed cephalometric models with individual cranial imaging data to individualize and precisely target stimulation sites, making rTMS more precise and effective in treating patients with Parkinson's disease and depression, and providing new avenues for further clinical and scientifi