Effect of Colchicine on MMP-9, NOX2, and TGF-β1 in Myocardial Infarct

Reducing NOX-2, MMP-9, and TGF-β1 Expression in Preventing Ventricular Remodelling Post Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction using Colchicine (Post Late Reperfusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Non-Reperfusion and In Vitro Study on Ischemic Rat Cardiomyocyte Culture Model). Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of mortality and disability worldwide. The handling of reperfusion in Indonesia is still far below the required standard. Most STEMI patients in Indonesia arrive late to a health facility with symptoms that have been present for more than 12 hours (late-onset). Heart failure following a myocardial infarction is one of the long-term complications of STEMI. Patients with STEMU who do not receive reperfusion were more likely to develop this consequence. According to several studies, microtubules in cardiomyocytes have been identified as an essential regulator of cardiomyocytes' ability to respond to shear stress, which offers compression resistance and facilitates mitochondrial energy production. Microtubule densification, which occurs due to remodelling in heart failure, disrupts the microtubule network. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by ischemic myocardium in this remodelling is thus inextricably linked. NADPH oxidase is one of the enzymes involved (NOX). NOX-2 levels have been reported to be higher in myocardial infarction and cardiac remodelling, and it has a close interaction with microtubule network, with damage of microtubule tissue increasing NOX-2 generation of reactive oxygen species. By eroding the ECM and triggering cytokines and chemokines to recruit inflammatory cells to eliminate necrotic cardiomyocytes, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) aids tissue rebuilding. Induction and activation of endogenous TGF-signaling pathways after myocardial infarction have also been discovered to play a function. TGF-β may play a role in the resolution of the inflammatory response in the early stages of infa