Clinical and Functional Effectiveness Assessment of Personalized Management Programs for Patients With Frailty

All participants underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). A personalized management program was developed for each patient, including recommendations on physical exercise, nutrition, correction of geriatric syndromes, optimization of somatic status, and medication therapy adjustment. The program was delivered in a hospital setting over 3-5 days, with recommendations provided for continuation at the outpatient stage for 6 months. Upon completion of the 6-month program, CGA and CPET were repeated to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs.