Relation of White Blood Cell Function to Diabetes

Background: Patients who are pre-diabetic or have adult onset (type 2) diabetes have a significantly greater risk of developing heart, blood vessel, or kidney diseases. Recent studies have shown that abnormalities in white blood cell function may increase the chances of developing insulin resistance, the underlying problem in diabetic or pre-diabetic patients. Objectives: To determine levels of insulin sensitivity in selected volunteers. To compare the white blood cells of non-diabetic, pre-diabetic, and type 2 (adult onset) diabetic volunteers to evaluate possible differences in white blood cell function. Eligibility: Individuals between 21 and 60 years of age who (1) are non-diabetic, (2) are pre-diabetic (glucose intolerant or insulin resistant), or (3) have type 2 diabetes that is controlled by diet and/or medications other than insulin. Design: Evaluations before treatment: * Blood tests, including screening procedures for blood-transmitted diseases such as hepatitis B and C, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance tests, and liver and kidney function tests. * Pregnancy tests for women of childbearing age. Two tests will be performed during the study period: * Glucose tolerance test to determine how well the body uses glucose. * Blood drawn to study white blood cells. Participants will be financially compensated for the time spent during the study.