Serum Levels of Some Trace Elements in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most frequent malignancy worldwide, with an estimated 906,000 new cases and 830,000 deaths in 2020. It is also the third leading cause for cancer deaths, with 15% 5-year survival rate . Diagnosis of HCC in cirrhotic patients is mainly based on non-invasive imaging techniques. Multiphasic computed tomography (CT) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most sensitive imaging techniques for diagnosis of HCC. While the most common serologic marker for early screening of HCC is alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) . Liver is the main site of trace elements metabolism, and their levels are affected by different causes of liver disease .