Autonomic Regulation of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate During Orthostasis and Exercise in Healthy and Hypertensive Individuals

The goal of this observational study is to assess arterial stiffness and autonomic regulation of blood pressure and heart rate in healthy adults and people with arterial hypertension during orthostatic stress and graded physical exercise. The main objective is to analyze cardiovascular responses to exercise on a cycle ergometer in different subgroups of participants with hypertension. The study includes healthy young adults and older adults with hypertension. Participants undergo standardized assessments including orthostatic testing, graded exercise testing on a cycle ergometer, electrocardiography, and measurement of arterial stiffness parameters such as pulse wave velocity, as well as other vascular and hemodynamic parameters. The results of this study are expected to improve understanding of cardiovascular physiology and autonomic regulation in people with hypertension and may contribute to earlier recognition of autonomic dysfunction and improved clinical management.