Case Control Study of Vitamin D Status and Adult Multidrug-resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Maharashtra, India

India has the highest incidence of and mortality from multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) globally. Vitamin D status may be an important determinant of MDR-TB infection and treatment outcomes; however, observational evidence is insufficient to support its use as an adjunct therapy or prophylaxis. Using a case-control design, this study will evaluate the relationship between vitamin D status and active MDR-TB disease among adult outpatient pulmonary MDR-TB cases, household contact controls, and matched controls from the general population (non-household controls) in Mumbai, India. This study will also evaluate the cross-sectional association between vitamin D status and TB infection among household contact controls and non-household controls, and collect formative data in preparation for future randomized controlled trials of vitamin D in MDR-TB prevention and treatment in India.