Subsequent hydration and pozzolanic effects of silica aerogel incorporated cement-based materials under cryogenic freeze-thaw cycles

Cementitious materials used in cryogenic environments (<−150 °C) require both mechanical reliability and thermal-insulation performance. SiO2 aerogel is a promising thermal-insulating modifier for cement-based materials. However, its effect on cryogenic freeze–thaw behavior and the associated mul