Peripheral GALR2 activation by the metabolically stabilized spexin analog LIT-01-144 produces potent opioid‑independent antinociception

Chronic pain constitutes a major global health burden, and current management remains largely dependent on opioid analgesics, which are associated with opioid use disorder. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to identify non-opioid therapeutic strategies. Galanin receptors (GALR1–3) have been impl