Da estrutura lógica da identidade à identidade de Deus na filosofia da religião

First, the chapter expounds on the logical-ontological status of identity in the Doctrine of Essence of the Science of Logic, showing that, for Hegel, identity is not an empty formal principle (A = A), but the proper way in which essence relates to itself through negativity. Identity, as reflection in itself, implies difference; as determined difference, it implies diversity and opposition; and as self-subsistent opposition, it culminates in contradiction, which dissolves into the form of the ground. It is argued that this path, if properly understood, prevents, or at least hinders, the view of identity as mere external equality. From this, making a connection with Hegel's philosophy of religion, it is shown that the proper content of consummate religion is precisely the God who posits himself as other, objectifying himself, and who, in this otherness, remains absolutely identical to himself—that is, God as spirit. By articulating logical identity as a unity of self and other, the chapter explains why central religious determinations (such as the Trinity and reconciliation) are not representational additions to logic, but the speculative realization of the same concept of concrete identity, that is, the identity that is preserved in differing and realized as a return to itself.