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What Does the Concept of “Electricity” Compress? Operational Shapes Remaining After Suspending Charge, Electric Field, Electric Potential, Current, Ions, and Channels, with a Reconstruction of Electric-Eel Shock

Fujie, Naoto · 2026
PhilArchive · Papers · 2026
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philosophy
This paper asks what the concept of “electricity” compresses by suspending, one by one, the familiar theoretical terms through which electrical phenomena are ordinarily described: charge, electric field, electric potential, current, ions, and channels. The aim is not to deny the physical reality or explanatory usefulness of these concepts, but to determine which operational structures remain non-redundant when the vocabulary used to describe them is withdrawn. The analysis reconstructs electrical phenomena in terms of differential separation, constrained transfer, directional coupling, threshold-dependent discharge, propagation, dissipation, and reconfiguration across material and biological media. It then applies this decomposition to electric-eel shock, showing how electrocyte organization, membrane polarization, ion transport, sequential activation, conductive pathways, and target coupling jointly produce a macroscopic discharge without treating “electricity” as a single homogeneous physical substance or process. The paper distinguishes conceptual compression from physical reduction: a scientific concept may successfully group heterogeneous operations while obscuring the differences that become relevant under altered boundaries, scales, media, or intervention conditions. “Electricity” is therefore analyzed as a scientifically productive compression whose adequacy depends on the operational interval in which its bundled distinctions remain substitutable. The broader claim is that scientific concepts can be tested by temporarily suspending their standard theoretical decomposition and identifying which differences must be reintroduced to recover prediction, intervention, and experimental reconstruction.
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