Foucault y el problema de la antropología: crítica, finitud y sujeto

This article examines the relationship between the anthropological critique developed by Michel Foucault and the philosophical foundations of posthumanist thought. Beginning with the diagnosis of the “death of man”, it reconstructs the genealogy of the human figure as the subject of knowledge, showing that its emergence does not reflect a fixed essence, but rather a specific epistemic configuration of modernity. Far from being a simple rejection of humanism, the anthropological critique dismantles its transcendental premises, thereby opening the possibility of thinking beyond the anthropological paradigm. The analysis is organized around three key moments in Foucault’s early work: La Question Anthropologique, where philosophy appears exhausted in its conversión towards anthropology; the Introduction to the Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, which reveals the ambivalence between empiricity and transcendentality in the figure of man; and The Order of Things, where the “analytic of finitude” is formulated as the structure of modern knowledge. From there, the notion of the “anthropological slumber” emerges, reflecting the illusion of a subject capable of grounding knowledge in itself. This critique reaches a turning point with the displacement toward a non-anthropocentric mode of reflection supported by a tragic and aesthetic inversion of thought. Posthumanism thus appears not as a technological overcoming of man, but as a philosophical opening toward a mode of thinking without a central figure or essential foundation.