Europe PMC
open access
Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Changes and Clinical Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease, and a substantial proportion of patients experience inadequate responses to conventional treatments. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key regulator of neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity, has b
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