Ancient Practices, Sustainable Futures: Ecology in Chinese Folk Religion

This article examines the relationship between environment and nature in Chinese folk religion through an interdisciplinary framework that integrates cultural philosophy, traditional ecological knowledge, and contemporary scientific perspectives. It advances the argument that Chinese folk religion should not be reduced to a collection of superstitious practices; rather, it constitutes a sophisticated system of ecological ethics grounded in the principle of harmony between heaven, earth, and humanity. Drawing on classical texts such as the Dao De Jing and Huainanzi, the study elucidates how key concepts, including ziran (naturalness) and wu wei (non-interference), resonate with contemporary ecological paradigms, particularly systems thinking and sustainability science. The article further investigates the role of sacred natural sites, seasonal rituals, and community-based practices in fostering biodiversity conservation and environmental stewardship. By examining these traditions through the lens of traditional ecological knowledge, their practical relevance to modern environmental management is underscored. Moreover, the study challenges prevailing misconceptions by demonstrating that nature within Chinese folk religion is perceived not as a resource to be exploited, but as a partner in a mutually sustaining relationship. Ultimately, the analysis highlights the importance of integrating ancient wisdom with scientific approaches to address contemporary ecological challenges and to advance pathways toward sustainable living.