Logica dialettica e teoria della conoscenza. Note per una teoresi hegelo-leninista

By overcoming the historical separation between logic and the theory of being—that is, by rejecting the idea that the forms of thought are exclusively subjective and, on the contrary, demonstrating that they are themselves closely connected to objective reality—Hegel thus ‘geniusly intuited’, as Lenin puts it, ‘that logical forms and laws are not an empty shell, but a reflection of the objective world’. Whereas Kantian logic presents itself as a scientific investigation into the forms of knowledge, whilst its contents remain external, the Hegelian approach, on the other hand, does not separate form and content, since reality itself is pervaded by an internal logic, in which rationality manifests itself in the human mind, whilst being already present in things themselves. For this reason, Hegelian logic would coincide with metaphysics, in that the structures of reality, revealed by logic, are not merely formal schemes of thought but constitute the foundations of reality—a reality that goes beyond the senses and the perceptible—from which it follows that the exploration of these logical structures also becomes a study of the structures of reality, so that logic and metaphysics correspond. If, for Hegel, ‘nature, this immediate totality, unfolds in the logical idea and in the spirit’, this means, writes Lenin, that ‘logic is the doctrine of knowledge. The theory of knowledge’, and that ‘Knowledge is man’s reflection of nature’.