Perspectives on the Problem of Evil

The problem of evil is often presented as the strongest argument against theism. Evil and suffering are undeniable aspects of human existence, posing an existential and theoretical challenge for people struggling to reconcile their personal struggles with an all-loving God. There are many possible responses to sceptical arguments regarding the problem of evil. This paper is designed to introduce Christian readers to both intellectual and pastoral responses. I first summarize the historical development of the problem of evil. After that, I present three aspects of the problem: logical, evidential and abductive. I then examine four promising responses to the problem, known as free will, soul-making, anthropodicy and sceptical theism. Finally, I engage with the pastoral issues, considering how one can address the reality of evil at a practical level.