Digital Publishing Accessibility API Mappings 1.1 W3C Recommendation 12 June 2025 More details about this document This version: https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-dpub-aam-1.1-20250612/ Latest published version: https://www.w3.org/TR/dpub-aam-1.1/ Latest editor's draft: https://w3c.github.io/dpub-aam/ History: https://www.w3.org/standards/history/dpub-aam-1.1/ Commit history Implementation report: https://www.w3.org/2021/04/wpt-fyi-snapshot.html Editors: Matt Garrish ( DAISY Consortium ) Tzviya Siegman ( W3C ) Former editors: Joanmarie Diggs ( Igalia, S.L. ) Richard Schwerdtfeger ( Knowbility ) Feedback: GitHub w3c/dpub-aam ( pull requests , new issue , open issues ) [email protected] with subject line [dpub-aam-1.1] … message topic … ( archives ) Errata: Errata exists . See also translations . Copyright © 2015-2025 World Wide Web Consortium . W3C ® liability , trademark and permissive document license rules apply. Abstract Digital Publishing Accessibility API Mappings (DPUB-AAM) defines how user agents map the Digital Publishing WAI-ARIA Module [ dpub-aria-1.1 ] markup to platform accessibility APIs . It is intended for developers who are responsible for accessibility in their user agent so that they can support the accessibility content produced for digital publishing. Status of This Document This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C standards and drafts index at https://www.w3.org/TR/. Future updates to this specification may incorporate new features . This document was published by the Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group as a Recommendation using the Recommendation track . W3C recommends the wide deployment of this specification as a standard for the Web. A W3C Recommendation is a specification that, after extensive consensus-building, is endorsed by W3C and its Members, and has commitments from Working Group members to royalty-free licensing for implementations. This document was produced by a group operating under the W3C Patent Policy . W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy . This document is governed by the 03 November 2023 W3C Process Document . Table of Contents Abstract Status of This Document 1. Introduction 2. Conformance 2.1 Normative and Informative Sections 2.2 Roles deprecated in DPUB-ARIA 3. Supporting keyboard navigation 4. Mapping WAI-ARIA to accessibility APIs 4.1 General rules for exposing WAI-ARIA semantics 5. Conflicts between native markup semantics and WAI-ARIA 6. Exposing attributes that do not directly map to accessibility API properties 7. Role mapping 7.1 General Rules 7.2 Role Mapping Tables 7.2.1 doc-abstract 7.2.2 doc-acknowledgments 7.2.3 doc-afterword 7.2.4 doc-appendix 7.2.5 doc-backlink 7.2.6 doc-biblioentry 7.2.7 doc-bibliography 7.2.8 doc-biblioref 7.2.9 doc-chapter 7.2.10 doc-colophon 7.2.11 doc-conclusion 7.2.12 doc-cover 7.2.13 doc-credit 7.2.14 doc-credits 7.2.15 doc-dedication 7.2.16 doc-endnote 7.2.17 doc-endnotes 7.2.18 doc-epigraph 7.2.19 doc-epilogue 7.2.20 doc-errata 7.2.21 doc-example 7.2.22 doc-footnote 7.2.23 doc-foreword 7.2.24 doc-glossary 7.2.25 doc-glossref 7.2.26 doc-index 7.2.27 doc-introduction 7.2.28 doc-noteref 7.2.29 doc-notice 7.2.30 doc-pagebreak 7.2.31 doc-pagefooter 7.2.32 doc-pageheader 7.2.33 doc-pagelist 7.2.34 doc-part 7.2.35 doc-preface 7.2.36 doc-prologue 7.2.37 doc-pullquote 7.2.38 doc-qna 7.2.39 doc-subtitle 7.2.40 doc-tip 7.2.41 doc-toc 8. Translatable Values 9. State and Property Mapping 10. Special Processing Requiring Additional Computation 10.1 Name and Description 10.2 Relations 10.3 Group Position 11. Actions 12. Events 13. Security Considerations 14. Privacy Considerations A. Appendices A.1 Change Log A.1.1 Substantive changes since the First Public Working Draft A.1.2 Other substantive changes since Digital Publishing Accessibility API Mappings 1.0 A.2 Acknowledgments A.2.1 ARIA WG participants at the time of publication A.2.2 Enabling funders B. References B.1 Normative references B.2 Informative references 1. Introduction This section is non-normative. The implementation of this specification in user agents enables authors to produce more accessible e-books by conveying structural book constructs that are used by the digital publishing industry to assistive technologies. It does this by extending the Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.1 [ CORE-AAM-1.1 ] and the Accessible Name and Description Computation 1.2 [ ACCNAME-1.2 ] specifications for user agents. It provides Accessibility API Mapping guidance for the roles defined in the Digital Publishing WAI-ARIA Module. The DPUB-AAM is part of the WAI-ARIA suite that is described in the WAI-ARIA Overview . 2. Conformance As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative. The key words MUST and SHOULD in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [ RFC2119 ] [ RFC8174 ] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 2.1 Normative and Informative Sections The indication whether a section is normative or non-normative (informative) applies to the entire section including sub-sections. Informative sections provide information useful to understanding the specification. Such sections can contain examples of recommended practice, but it is not required to follow such recommendations in order to conform to this specification. 2.2 Roles deprecated in DPUB-ARIA The DPUB-ARIA specification [ dpub-aria-1.1 ] lists some roles as deprecated. Although this means authors are encouraged not to use these roles, it is expected that the roles could still be used in legacy content. Therefore, it is important that user agents continue to map these roles to accessibility APIs , and doing so is part of conformance to this specification. When future versions of the DPUB-ARIA specification change such roles from deprecated to removed, they will be removed from the mappings as well and user agents will no longer be asked to continue support for those roles. 3. Supporting keyboard navigation Enabling keyboard navigation in web applications is a necessary step toward making accessible web applications possible. Conforming user agents MUST conform to Supporting Keyboard Navigation requirements in [ CORE-AAM-1.1 ]. 4. Mapping WAI-ARIA to accessibility APIs 4.1 General rules for exposing WAI-ARIA semantics This section MUST conform to General rules for exposing WAI-ARIA semantics in [ CORE-AAM-1.1 ]. 5. Conflicts between native markup semantics and WAI-ARIA User agents MUST conform to Conflicts between native markup semantics and WAI-ARIA in [ CORE-AAM-1.1 ]. 6. Exposing attributes that do not directly map to accessibility API properties User agents MUST conform to Exposing attributes that do not directly map to accessibility API properties in [ CORE-AAM-1.1 ]. 7. Role mapping Platform accessibility APIs traditionally have had a finite set of predefined roles that are expected by assistive technologies on that platform and only one or two roles may be exposed. In contrast, WAI-ARIA allows multiple roles to be specified as an ordered set of space-separated valid role tokens. The additional roles are fallback roles similar to the concept of specifying multiple fonts in case the first choice font type is not supported. 7.1 General Rules User agents MUST conform to the Role Mapping General Rules accessibility API computational requirements in [ CORE-AAM-1.1 ]. 7.2 Role Mapping Tables Note Translators: For label text associated with the following table and its toggle buttons, see the mappingTableLabels object in the <head> section of this document. This section defines how WAI-ARIA digital publishing roles map to platform accessibility APIs . Elements having roles with a prefix value of doc- , that are not listed in this role mapping table, have no normative mappings. 7.2.1 doc-abstract DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-abstract Computed Role doc-abstract MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_SECTION Object attribute xml-roles:doc-abstract . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' abstract ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_SECTION and object attribute xml-roles:doc-abstract . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXApplicationGroup AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "abstract" } 7.2.2 doc-acknowledgments DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-acknowledgments Computed Role doc-acknowledgments MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-acknowledgments . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' acknowledgements ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' acknowledgements ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-acknowledgments . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "acknowledgements" } 7.2.3 doc-afterword DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-afterword Computed Role doc-afterword MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-afterword . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' afterword ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' afterword ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-afterword . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "afterword" } 7.2.4 doc-appendix DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-appendix Computed Role doc-appendix MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-appendix . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' appendix ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' appendix ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-appendix . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "appendix" } 7.2.5 doc-backlink DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-backlink Computed Role doc-backlink MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose ROLE_SYSTEM_LINK + STATE_LINKED STATE_LINKED on all descendants IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-backlink . AccessibleHypertext interface UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' backlink ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LINK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-backlink . Mac AX API AXRole: AXLink AXSubrole: <nil> AXRoleDescription: 'link' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "back" } 7.2.6 doc-biblioentry DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-biblioentry Computed Role doc-biblioentry MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose ROLE_SYSTEM_LISTITEM + STATE_SYSTEM_READONLY IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-biblioentry . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' biblioentry ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LIST_ITEM and object attribute xml-roles:doc-bilioentry . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: <nil> AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: {} 7.2.7 doc-bibliography DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-bibliography Computed Role doc-bibliography MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-bibliography . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' bibliography ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' biblography ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-bibliography . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "bibliography" } 7.2.8 doc-biblioref DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-biblioref Computed Role doc-biblioref MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose ROLE_SYSTEM_LINK + STATE_LINKED STATE_LINKED on all descendants IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-biblioref . AccessibleHypertext interface UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' biblioref ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LINK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-biblioref . Mac AX API AXRole: AXLink AXSubrole: <nil> AXRoleDescription: 'link' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "bibliography" } 7.2.9 doc-chapter DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-chapter Computed Role doc-chapter MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-chapter . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' chapter ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' chapter ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:chapter . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkChapter AXRoleDescription: 'chapter' AXCustomContent: {} 7.2.10 doc-colophon DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-colophon Computed Role doc-colophon MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IA2_ROLE_SECTION IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-colophon . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' colophon ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_SECTION and object attribute xml-roles:doc-colophon . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXApplicationGroup AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "colophon" } 7.2.11 doc-conclusion DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-conclusion Computed Role doc-conclusion MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-conclusion . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' conclusion ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' conclusion ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-conclusion . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "conclusion" } 7.2.12 doc-cover DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-cover Computed Role doc-cover MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose ROLE_SYSTEM_GRAPHIC IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-cover . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Image ATK / AT-SPI Role expose ROLE_IMAGE and object attribute xml-roles:doc-cover . Mac AX API AXRole: AXImage AXSubrole: <nil> AXRoleDescription: 'cover image' AXCustomContent: {} 7.2.13 doc-credit DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-credit Computed Role doc-credit MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IA2_ROLE_SECTION IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-credit UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' credit ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_SECTION and object attribute xml-roles:doc-credit . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXApplicationGroup AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: {} 7.2.14 doc-credits DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-credits Computed Role doc-credits MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-credits . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' credits ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' credits ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-credits . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "credits" } 7.2.15 doc-dedication DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-dedication Computed Role doc-dedication MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IA2_ROLE_SECTION IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-dedication UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' dedication ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_SECTION and object attribute xml-roles:doc-dedication . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXApplicationGroup AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "dedication" } 7.2.16 doc-endnote DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-endnote Computed Role doc-endnote MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose ROLE_SYSTEM_LISTITEM + STATE_SYSTEM_READONLY IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-endnote . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' endnote ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LIST_ITEM and object attribute xml-roles:doc-endnote . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: <nil> AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: {} 7.2.17 doc-endnotes DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-endnotes Computed Role doc-endnotes MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-endnotes . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' endnotes ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' endnotes ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-endnotes . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "end notes" } 7.2.18 doc-epigraph DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-epigraph Computed Role doc-epigraph MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IA2_ROLE_SECTION IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-epigraph UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' epigraph ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_SECTION and object attribute xml-roles:doc-epigraph . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXApplicationGroup AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "epigraph" } 7.2.19 doc-epilogue DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-epilogue Computed Role doc-epilogue MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-epilogue . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' epilogue ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' epilogue ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-epilogue . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "epilog" } 7.2.20 doc-errata DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-errata Computed Role doc-errata MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-errata UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' errata ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' errata ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-errata . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "errata" } 7.2.21 doc-example DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-example Computed Role doc-example MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IA2_ROLE_SECTION IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-example UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' example ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_SECTION and object attribute xml-roles:doc-example . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXApplicationGroup AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "example" } 7.2.22 doc-footnote DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-footnote Computed Role doc-footnote MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_FOOTNOTE Object attribute: xml-roles:doc-footnote UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' footnote ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_FOOTNOTE and object attribute xml-roles:doc-footnote . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXApplicationGroup AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "footnote" } 7.2.23 doc-foreword DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-foreword Computed Role doc-foreword MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-foreword UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' foreword ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' foreword ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-foreword . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "foreword" } 7.2.24 doc-glossary DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-glossary Computed Role doc-glossary MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-glossary UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' glossary ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' glossary ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-glossary . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "glossary" } 7.2.25 doc-glossref DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-glossref Computed Role doc-glossref MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose ROLE_SYSTEM_LINK + STATE_LINKED STATE_LINKED on all descendants IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-glossref . AccessibleHypertext interface UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' glossref ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LINK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-glossref . Mac AX API AXRole: AXLink AXSubrole: <nil> AXRoleDescription: 'link' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "glossary" } 7.2.26 doc-index DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-index Computed Role doc-index MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-index UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' index ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' index ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-index . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkNavigation AXRoleDescription: 'navigation' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "index" } 7.2.27 doc-introduction DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-introduction Computed Role doc-introduction MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-introduction UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' introduction ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' introduction ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-introduction . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "introduction" } 7.2.28 doc-noteref DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-noteref Computed Role doc-noteref MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose ROLE_SYSTEM_LINK + STATE_LINKED STATE_LINKED on all descendants IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-noteref . AccessibleHypertext interface UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' noteref ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LINK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-noteref . Mac AX API AXRole: AXLink AXSubrole: <nil> AXRoleDescription: 'link' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "note" } 7.2.29 doc-notice DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-notice Computed Role doc-notice MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IA2_ROLE_NOTE IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-notice . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' notice ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_COMMENT and object attribute xml-roles:doc-notice . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXDocumentNote AXRoleDescription: 'note' AXCustomContent: {} 7.2.30 doc-pagebreak DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-pagebreak Computed Role doc-pagebreak MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose ROLE_SYSTEM_SEPARATOR IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-pagebreak . UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' pagebreak ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_SEPARATOR and object attribute xml-roles:doc-pagebreak . Mac AX API AXRole: AXSplitter AXSubrole: <nil> AXRoleDescription: 'splitter' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "page break" } 7.2.31 doc-pagefooter DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-pagefooter Computed Role doc-pagefooter MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_FOOTER Object attribute xml-roles:doc-pagefooter UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Control Pattern: Annotation Annotation.AnnotationTypeId : Footer ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_FOOTER and object attribute xml-roles:doc-pagefooter . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: <nil> AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "footer" } 7.2.32 doc-pageheader DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-pageheader Computed Role doc-pageheader MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_HEADER Object attribute xml-roles:doc-pageheader UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Control Pattern: Annotation Annotation.AnnotationTypeId : Header ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_HEADER and object attribute xml-roles:doc-pageheader . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: <nil> AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "header" } 7.2.33 doc-pagelist DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-pagelist Computed Role doc-pagelist MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-pagelist UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' pagelist ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' pagelist ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-pagelist . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkNavigation AXRoleDescription: 'navigation' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "page list" } 7.2.34 doc-part DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-part Computed Role doc-part MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-part UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' part ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' part ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-part . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "part" } 7.2.35 doc-preface DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-preface Computed Role doc-preface MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARKi Object attribute xml-roles:doc-preface UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' preface ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' preface ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-preface . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "preface" } 7.2.36 doc-prologue DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-prologue Computed Role doc-prologue MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-prologue UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' prologue ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' prologue ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-prologue . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkRegion AXRoleDescription: 'region' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "prolog" } 7.2.37 doc-pullquote DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-pullquote Computed Role doc-pullquote MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_SECTION Object attribute xml-roles:doc-pullquote UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' pullquote ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_SECTION and object attribute xml-roles:doc-pullquote . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXApplicationGroup AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "pull quote" } 7.2.38 doc-qna DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-qna Computed Role doc-qna MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IA2_ROLE_SECTION IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-qna UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' qna ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_SECTION and object attribute xml-roles:doc-qna . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXApplicationGroup AXRoleDescription: 'group' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "Q&A" } 7.2.39 doc-subtitle DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-subtitle Computed Role doc-subtitle MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_HEADING Object attribute xml-roles:doc-subtitle UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' subtitle ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_HEADING and object attribute xml-roles:doc-subtitle . Mac AX API AXRole: AXHeading AXSubrole: AXSubtitle AXRoleDescription: 'subtitle' AXCustomContent: {} 7.2.40 doc-tip DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-tip Computed Role doc-tip MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IA2_ROLE_NOTE IAccessible2: Object attribute xml-roles:doc-tip UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' tip ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_COMMENT and object attribute xml-roles:doc-tip . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXDocumentNote AXRoleDescription: 'note' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "tip" } 7.2.41 doc-toc DPUB-ARIA Specification doc-toc Computed Role doc-toc MSAA + IAccessible2 Role + Other IAccessible2 Features Expose IAccessible2: IA2_ROLE_LANDMARK Object attribute xml-roles:doc-toc UIA Control Type + Other Features Control Type is Text Localized Control Type is ' toc ' Landmark Type is Custom Localized Landmark Type is ' toc ' ATK / AT-SPI Role Expose ROLE_LANDMARK and object attribute xml-roles:doc-toc . Mac AX API AXRole: AXGroup AXSubrole: AXLandmarkNavigation AXRoleDescription: 'navigation' AXCustomContent: { label: "type", value: "table of contents" } 8. Translatable Values The HTML specification states that other specifications can define translatable attributes [ html ]. The language and directionality of each attribute value is the same as the language and directionality of the element [ html ]. To be understandable by assistive technology users, the following role mapping values intended for human consumption SHOULD be translated when a page is localized: AXRoleDescription the value property of AXCustomContent Localized Control Type Localized Landmark Type 9. State and Property Mapping This section describes how to expose WAI-ARIA states and object properties . User agents MUST conform to the State and Property Mapping accessibility API computational requirements in [ CORE-AAM-1.1 ]. 10. Special Processing Requiring Additional Computation 10.1 Name and Description When computing an accessible name or accessible description , user agents MUST conform to the section titled Text Alternative Computation of the [ ACCNAME-1.2 ] specification. 10.2 Relations User agents MUST conform to the Relation accessibility API computational requirements in [ CORE-AAM-1.1 ]. 10.3 Group Position User agents MUST conform to the Group Position accessibility API computational requirements in [ CORE-AAM-1.1 ]. 11. Actions User agents MUST conform to the Actions accessibility API computational requirements in [ CORE-AAM-1.1 ]. 12. Events user agents fire events for user actions, WAI-ARIA state changes, changes to document content or node visibility, changes in selection, and operation of menus. Conforming user agents MUST support the [ CORE-AAM-1.1 ] Events mappings. 13. Security Considerations This section is non-normative. This specification introduces no new security considerations. 14. Privacy Considerations This section is non-normative. In accordance with Web Platform Design Principles , this specification provides no programatic interface to determine if information is being used by assistive technologies. However, this specification does allow an author to present different information to users of assistive technologies from the information available to users who do not use assistive technologies. This is possible using many features of the DPUB-ARIA specification, just as this is possible using many other parts of the web technology stack. This content disparity could be abused to perform active fingerprinting of users of assistive technologies. A. Appendices A.1 Change Log A.1.1 Substantive changes since the First Public Working Draft 01-Dec-2023: Removed the mappings that implied doc-biblioentry and doc-endnote on listitem descendants doc-bibliograph and doc-endnotes, respectively. 10-Jan-2023: Added section on translatable values. 04-Jan-2023: Fixed incorrect doc-pagebreak role mentioned in ATK / AT-SPI mapping for doc-preface. 04-Jan-2023: Updated Mac AX API mappings to add AXCustomContent fields. A.1.2 Other substantive changes since Digital Publishing Accessibility API Mappings 1.0 20-Sep-2021: Added mappings for doc-pageheader and doc-pagefooter roles. A.2 Acknowledgments This section is non-normative. The following people contributed to the development of this document: Aaron Leventhal Bogdan Brinza Daniel Montalvo Denis Ah-Kang James Craig James Nurthen joanmarie Joseph Scheuhammer Peter Krautzberger Richard Schwerdtfeger Valerie Young A.2.1 ARIA WG participants at the time of publication Rahim Abdi (Apple Inc.) NAVYA AGARWAL (Adobe) Mario Batušić (Fabasoft) Benjamin Beaudry (Microsoft Corporation) Curt Bellew (Oracle Corporation) Zoë Bijl (W3C Invited Experts) Aleksandar Cindrikj (Netcetera) Keith Cirkel (Mozilla Foundation) Daniel Clark (Microsoft Corporation) James Craig (Apple Inc.) Chris Cuellar (Bocoup) Hidde de Vries (Logius) Joanmarie Diggs (Igalia) Howard Edwards (Bocoup) James Edwards (TPGi) Mayuri Faldu (Navy Federal Credit Union) Betsy Fanning (PDF Association) Steve Faulkner (TetraLogical Services Ltd) Jaunita Flessas (Navy Federal Credit Union) Jane Fulton (Cisco) Bryan Garaventa (W3C Invited Experts) Rashmi Garimella (Google LLC) Matt Garrish (DAISY Consortium) Doug Geoffray (Microsoft Corporation) Ariella Gilmore (IBM Corporation) Shirisha Gubba (Google LLC) Jon Gunderson (University of Illinois) Oliver Habersetzer (SAP SE) Theo Hale (Microsoft Corporation) Sunny Hardasani (Adobe) Matthew Hardy (Adobe) Chris Harrelson (Google LLC) Peter Heumader (Fabasoft) Sarah Higley (Microsoft Corporation) Hans Hillen (TPGi) Isabel Holdsworth (TPGi) Stanley Hon (Microsoft Corporation) Michael Jackson (Microsoft Corporation) Duff Johnson (PDF Association) Summer Jones (Thomson Reuters Corp.) William Kilian (TargetStream Technologies) Matthew King (Meta) Zachary Kinsey (TargetStream Technologies) Greta Krafsig (The Washington Post) Peter Krautzberger (krautzource UG) Nina Krauß (SAP SE) JaEun Jemma Ku (University of Illinois) Joe Lamyman (TetraLogical Services Ltd) Charles LaPierre (Benetech) Philip Lazarevic (Level Access) Leo Lee (Microsoft Corporation) Aaron Leventhal (Google LLC) Brett Lewis (TPGi) Andy Luhrs (Microsoft Corporation) Sazzad Mahamud (Google LLC) Alison Maher (Microsoft Corporation) Mark McCarthy (University of Illinois) Eduardo Meza Etienne (Navy Federal Credit Union) Clay Miller (Microsoft Corporation) Daniel Montalvo (W3C) Jacques Newman (Microsoft Corporation) James Nurthen (Adobe) Scott O'Hara (Microsoft Corporation) Lola Odelola (W3C Invited Experts) Adam Page (Hilton) Michael Pennisi (Bocoup) Roberto Perez (Microsoft Corporation) Giacomo Petri (UsableNet) Noah Praskins (TPGi) Daniel Pöll (Fabasoft) Paul Rayius (Allyant) Adrian Roselli (W3C Invited Experts) Marco Sabidussi (UsableNet) Trisha Salas (Level Access) Stefan Schnabel (SAP SE) Harris Schneiderman (Deque Systems, Inc.) Raymond Schwartz (Navy Federal Credit Union) Cynthia Shelly (W3C Invited Experts) Tzviya Siegman (W3C) Arturo Silva (The Washington Post) Avneesh Singh (DAISY Consortium) Michael[tm] Smith (sideshowbarker) (W3C) Francis Storr (Intel Corporation) Jennifer Strickland (MITRE Corporation) Melanie Sumner (IBM Corporation) Alexander Surkov (Igalia) James Teh (Mozilla Foundation) Jocelyn Tran (Google LLC) Léonie Watson (TetraLogical Services Ltd) Jan Williams (TPGi) Valerie Young (Igalia) Kate Zhao (Thomson Reuters Corp.) Xiao (Helen) Zhou (University of Illinois) Filippo Zorzi (UsableNet) A.2.2 Enabling funders This publication has been funded in part with U.S. Federal funds from the Department of Education, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR), initially under contract number ED-OSE-10-C-0067, then under contract number HHSP23301500054C, and now under HHS75P00120P00168. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Education, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. B. References B.1 Normative references [ACCNAME-1.2] Accessible Name and Description Computation 1.2 . Bryan Garaventa; Melanie Sumner. W3C. 22 May 2025. W3C Working Draft. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/ [CORE-AAM-1.1] Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.1 . Joanmarie Diggs; Joseph Scheuhammer; Richard Schwerdtfeger; Michael Cooper; Andi Snow-Weaver; Aaron Leventhal. W3C. 14 December 2017. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.1/ [core-aam-1.2] Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2 . Valerie Young; Alexander Surkov. W3C. 8 May 2025. CRD. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/ [dpub-aria-1.1] Digital Publishing WAI-ARIA Module 1.1 . Matt Garrish; Tzviya Siegman. W3C. 18 March 2025. W3C Proposed Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/dpub-aria-1.1/ [html] HTML Standard . Anne van Kesteren; Domenic Denicola; Dominic Farolino; Ian Hickson; Philip Jägenstedt; Simon Pieters. WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/ [infra] Infra Standard . Anne van Kesteren; Domenic Denicola. WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/ [RFC2119] Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels . S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119 [RFC8174] Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words . B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174 B.2 Informative references [dom] DOM Standard . Anne van Kesteren. WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/ [fingerprinting-guidance] Mitigating Browser Fingerprinting in Web Specifications . Nick Doty; Tom Ritter. W3C. 21 March 2025. W3C Working Group Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/fingerprinting-guidance/ [wai-aria] Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.0 . James Craig; Michael Cooper et al. W3C. 20 March 2014. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/ ↑