EPUB 3 Structural Semantics Vocabulary 1.1 W3C Group Note 28 May 2026 More details about this document This version: https://www.w3.org/TR/2026/NOTE-epub-ssv-11-20260528/ Latest published version: https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-ssv-11/ Latest editor's draft: https://w3c.github.io/epub-specs/wg-notes/ssv/ History: https://www.w3.org/standards/history/epub-ssv-11/ Commit history Editors: Ivan Herman ( W3C ) Matt Garrish ( DAISY Consortium ) Former editors: Tzviya Siegman ( John Wiley & Sons ) Markus Gylling ( International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF) ) Feedback: GitHub w3c/epub-specs ( pull requests , new issue , open issues ) [email protected] with subject line [epub-ssv-11] … message topic … ( archives ) Copyright © 1999-2026 International Digital Publishing Forum and World Wide Web Consortium . W3C ® liability , trademark and permissive document license rules apply. Abstract This vocabulary, a part of EPUB® 3, defines a set of properties relating to the description of structural semantics of written works. Status of This Document This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C standards and drafts index . This document was published by the Publishing Maintenance Working Group as a Group Note using the Note track . This Group Note is endorsed by the Publishing Maintenance Working Group , but is not endorsed by W3C itself nor its Members. The W3C Patent Policy does not carry any licensing requirements or commitments on this document. This document is governed by the 18 August 2025 W3C Process Document . Table of Contents Abstract Status of This Document 1. Introduction 1.1 About this vocabulary 2. Document partitions 3. Document divisions 4. Document sections and components 5. Document navigation 6. Document reference sections 6.1 Bibliographies 6.2 Dictionaries 6.3 Glossaries 6.4 Indexes 7. Preliminary sections and components 8. Complementary content 9. Titles and headings 10. Educational content 10.1 Learning objectives 10.2 Testing 11. Comics 12. Notes and annotations 13. References 14. Document text 15. Pagination 16. Tables 17. Lists 18. Figures 19. Asides A. Deprecated terms B. Change log C. References C.1 Informative references 1. Introduction Structural semantics add additional meaning about the specific structural purpose an HTML (or SVG) element plays. The epub:type attribute [ epub-33 ] is used to express domain-specific semantics in EPUB content documents and media overlay documents [ epub-33 ], with the structural information it carries complementing the underlying vocabulary. The applied semantics refine the meaning of their containing elements without changing their nature for assistive technologies, as happens when using the similar role attribute [ html ]. The attribute does not enhance the accessibility of the content, in other words, only provides hints about the purpose. Semantic metadata enriches content for use in publishing workflows and for author-defined purposes. It also allows reading systems to learn more about the structure and content of a document (e.g., to enable skippability and escapability in media overlay documents ). The [ epub-33 ] specification defines a method for adding structural semantics using the attribute axis : instead of adding new elements, EPUB creators can append the epub:type attribute to existing elements to add the desired semantics. This document defines a set of property values, i.e., a vocabulary, that can be used for that purpose. 1.1 About this vocabulary While the EPUB Structural Semantics vocabulary is generally host language agnostic, it has been constructed primarily to enable semantic inflection of elements in the HTML vocabulary. The HTML usage context fields indicate contexts in HTML documents where the given property is considered relevant. EPUB creators may use the properties on HTML markup elements not specifically listed, but must ensure that the semantics they express represent a subset of the carrying element's semantics and do not attach an existing element's meaning to a semantically neutral element. The DPUB-ARIA role fields indicate the [ dpub-aria-1.1 ] roles that can alternatively be used with the [ html ] role attribute to improve accessibility. These roles may have more restrictive usage contexts, however, so may not be valid wherever the epub:type attribute [ epub-33 ] is used (e.g., roles are not allowed on the [ html ] body element). Refer to [ html-aria ] for more information about where the roles are allowed. When processing HTML documents, reading systems may ignore such non-compliant properties, unless their usage context is explicitly overridden or extended by the host specification. The Usage details field, when present, identifies a specification that defines or utilizes the designated property. Authors are only required to follow these usage details if they are creating content that conforms to the specified specification, or if the rules apply to all EPUB publications. In all other cases, the properties may be used however needed. Note This vocabulary previously contained draft terms from the EDUPUB structural semantics vocabulary . Although those terms will remain available for experimental use in EPUB publications , EPUB creators should consider that the work on EDUPUB has been abandoned and the likelihood of adoption of any additional terms from that work is low. 2. Document partitions backmatter Ancillary material occurring after the main content of a publication, such as indices, appendices, etc. HTML usage context: section , body bodymatter The main content of a publication. HTML usage context: section , body cover A section that introduces the work, often consisting of a marketing image, the title, author, and publisher, and select quotes and reviews. HTML usage context: section , body DPUB-ARIA role: doc-cover (only allowed on cover image tag) frontmatter Preliminary material to the main content of a publication, such as tables of contents, dedications, etc. HTML usage context: section , body 3. Document divisions chapter A major thematic section of content in a work. HTML usage context: section , body DPUB-ARIA role: doc-chapter division A major structural division that may also appear as a substructure of a part (esp. in legislation). HTML usage context: section , body part A major structural division in a work that contains a set of related sections dealing with a particular subject, narrative arc, or similar encapsulated theme. HTML usage context: section , body DPUB-ARIA role: doc-part volume A component of a collection. HTML usage context: section , body 4. Document sections and components Sections and components that typically occur in the publication bodymatter. abstract A short summary of the principle ideas, concepts, and conclusions of the work, or of a section or excerpt within it. HTML usage context: section , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-abstract afterword A closing statement from the author or a person of importance, typically providing insight into how the content came to be written, its significance, or related events that have transpired since its timeline. HTML usage context: section , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-afterword conclusion A concluding section or statement that summarizes the work or wraps up the narrative. HTML usage context: section , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-conclusion epigraph A quotation set at the start of the work or a section that establishes the theme or sets the mood. HTML usage context: section , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-epigraph epilogue A concluding section of narrative that wraps up or comments on the actions and events of the work, typically from a future perspective. HTML usage context: section , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-epilogue foreword An introductory section that precedes the work, typically not written by the author of the work. HTML usage context: section , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-foreword introduction A preliminary section that typically introduces the scope or nature of the work. HTML usage context: section , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-introduction preamble A section in the beginning of the work, typically containing introductory and/or explanatory prose regarding the scope or nature of the work's content HTML usage context: section , grouping content preface An introductory section that precedes the work, typically written by the author of the work. HTML usage context: section , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-preface prologue An introductory section that sets the background to a work, typically part of the narrative. HTML usage context: section , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-prologue 5. Document navigation landmarks A collection of references to well-known/recurring components within the publication HTML usage context: sectioning content Usage details: The landmarks nav Element [ epub-33 ] loa A listing of audio clips included in the work. HTML usage context: sectioning content loi A listing of illustrations included in the work. HTML usage context: sectioning content lot A listing of tables included in the work. HTML usage context: sectioning content lov A listing of video clips included in the work. HTML usage context: sectioning content toc A navigational aid that provides an ordered list of links to the major sectional headings in the content. A table of contents may cover an entire work, or only a smaller section of it. HTML usage context: sectioning content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-toc Usage details: The toc nav Element [ epub-33 ] 6. Document reference sections appendix A section of supplemental information located after the primary content that informs the content but is not central to it. HTML usage context: sectioning content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-appendix colophon A short section of production notes particular to the edition (e.g., describing the typeface used), often located at the end of a work. HTML usage context: sectioning content , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-colophon credits A collection of credits . HTML usage context: sectioning content , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-credits 6.1 Bibliographies bibliography A list of external references cited in the work, which may be to print or digital sources. HTML usage context: sectioning content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-bibliography 6.2 Dictionaries antonym-group A group of terms, each having an opposite or nearly opposite meaning from a headword or idiom. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: Antonym Groups [ epub-dict-10 ] condensed-entry A condensed dictionary entry designed for constrained lookup viewports. Required parent context: dictentry HTML usage context: aside Usage details: The Condensed Entry [ epub-dict-10 ] def The definition of a particular meaning of a headword or idiom. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: Definitions [ epub-dict-10 ] dictentry A dictionary entry. Required parent context: dictionary HTML usage context: article Usage details: The Dictionary Entry [ epub-dict-10 ] dictionary A collection of dictionary entries. HTML usage context: body or section Usage details: The Dictionary Container [ epub-dict-10 ] etymology An explanation of the historical origin of a headword. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: Etymologies [ epub-dict-10 ] example An illustration of the usage of a defined term or phrase. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: Examples [ epub-dict-10 ] gram-info Supplemental grammatical information related to the headword and modifying a part of speech or a particular meaning. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: Related Grammatical Information [ epub-dict-10 ] idiom A defining instance of a phrase. Required parent context: dictentry or phrase-group HTML usage context: dfn Usage details: Idioms [ epub-dict-10 ] part-of-speech The grammatical function of a headword. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: The Dictionary Container [ epub-dict-10 ] part-of-speech-list A list of part of speech groups in a dictionary entry. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: ol Usage details: Part of Speech Lists [ epub-dict-10 ] part-of-speech-group A unit that associates a part of speech with its related sense and phrase groups. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: Part of Speech Groups [ epub-dict-10 ] phonetic-transcription A phonetic transcription of the pronunciation of a headword or other component of a dictionary entry. Required ancestor context: dictentry or glossary HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: Phonetic Transcriptions [ epub-dict-10 ] phrase-list A list of phrase groups in a dictionary entry. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: ol or ul Usage details: Phrase Lists [ epub-dict-10 ] phrase-group A unit for organizing information pertaining to an idiom or example. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: Phrase Groups [ epub-dict-10 ] sense-list A list of sense groups in a dictionary entry. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: ol Usage details: Sense Lists [ epub-dict-10 ] sense-group A unit for organizing information pertaining to a particular meaning of a headword or idiom. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: Sense Groups [ epub-dict-10 ] synonym-group A group of terms, each having identical or similar meaning to a headword or idiom. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: Synonym Groups [ epub-dict-10 ] tran The translation of a particular meaning of a source language headword, idiom, or example into a target language. Required ancestor context: dictentry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: Translations [ epub-dict-10 ] tran-info Grammatical or usage information related to a translation. Required ancestor context: tran HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: Translation-Related Information [ epub-dict-10 ] 6.3 Glossaries glossary A brief dictionary of new, uncommon, or specialized terms used in the content. HTML usage context: dl , sectioning content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-glossary Usage details: The Glossary Container [ epub-dict-10 ] glossdef The definition of a term in a glossary . Required parent context: glossary HTML usage context: The glossdef property is implied on dd elements within a dl element marked with the glossary property. Usage details: Glossary Terms and Definitions [ epub-dict-10 ] glossterm A glossary term. Required parent context: glossary HTML usage context: The glossterm property is implied on dt elements within a dl element marked with the glossary property. Usage details: Glossary Terms and Definitions [ epub-dict-10 ] 6.4 Indexes index A navigational aid that provides a detailed list of links to key subjects, names and other important topics covered in the work. HTML usage context: sectioning content , body Usage details: index property [ epub-indexes-10 ] DPUB-ARIA role: doc-index index-editor-note Editorial note pertaining to a single entry. Required parent context: index-entry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: index-editor-note property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-entry One term with any attendant subentries, locators, cross references, and/or editorial note. Required parent context: index-entry-list HTML usage context: li ; this property is implied when parent ul is of type index-entry-list (implicit or explicit) Usage details: index-entry property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-entry-list Collection of consecutive main entries or subentries. Required parent context: index-entry , index-group , and index HTML usage context: ul ; this property is implied when the ul has an ancestor of index except within index-headnotes Usage details: index-entry-list property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-group Collection of consecutive main entries that share a common characteristic, for example the starting letter of the main entries. Required parent context: index HTML usage context: sectioning content Usage details: index-group property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-headnotes Narrative or other content to assist users in using the index. Required parent context: index HTML usage context: sectioning content , header Usage details: index-headnotes property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-legend List of symbols, abbreviations or special formatting used in the index, and their meanings. Required parent context: index-headnotes HTML usage context: sectioning content , dl Usage details: index-legend property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-locator A reference to an occurrence of the indexed content in the publication. Required parent context: index-entry , index-locator-list , and index-locator-range HTML usage context: a ; this property is implied when parent context is index-locator-list or index-locator-range Usage details: index-locator property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-locator-list Collection of sequential locators or locator ranges. Required parent context: index-entry HTML usage context: ul Usage details: index-locator-list property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-locator-range A pair of locators that connects a term to a range of content rather than a single point. Required parent context: index-locator-list and index-entry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: index-locator-range property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-term Word, phrase, string, glyph, or image representing the indexable content. Required parent context: index-xref-related , index-entry and index-xref-preferred HTML usage context: phrasing content ; typically span Usage details: index-term property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-term-categories Wrapper for a list of the term categories belonging to an index. Required parent context: index-xref-related and index-xref-preferred HTML usage context: a Usage details: index-term-categories property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-term-category Word, phrase, string, glyph, or image representing a category of terms in the index. Required parent context: index-xref-related and index-xref-preferred HTML usage context: a Usage details: index-term-category property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-xref-preferred Reference from one term to one or more preferred terms or term categories in an index (analogous to "See xxx"). Required parent context: index-entry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: index-xref-preferred property [ epub-indexes-10 ] index-xref-related Reference from one term to one or more related terms or term categories in an index (analogous to "See also xxx"). Required parent context: index-entry HTML usage context: flow content Usage details: index-xref-related property [ epub-indexes-10 ] 7. Preliminary sections and components Preliminary sections and components, typically occurring in the publication frontmatter. acknowledgments A section or statement that acknowledges significant contributions by persons, organizations, governments, and other entities to the realization of the work. HTML usage context: section , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-acknowledgments contributors A list of contributors to the work. HTML usage context: section , grouping content copyright-page The copyright page of the work. HTML usage context: section , grouping content dedication An inscription at the front of the work, typically addressed in tribute to one or more persons close to the author. HTML usage context: section , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-dedication errata A set of corrections discovered after initial publication of the work, sometimes referred to as corrigenda. HTML usage context: section , aside , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-errata halftitlepage The half title page of the work. HTML usage context: section , grouping content imprimatur A formal statement authorizing the publication of the work. HTML usage context: section , grouping content imprint Information relating to the publication or distribution of the work. HTML usage context: section , grouping content other-credits Acknowledgments of previously published parts of the work, illustration credits, and permission to quote from copyrighted material. HTML usage context: section , grouping content revision-history A record of changes made to a work. HTML usage context: section , grouping content titlepage The title page of the work. HTML usage context: section , grouping content 8. Complementary content notice Notifies the user of consequences that might arise from an action or event. Examples include warnings, cautions and dangers. HTML usage context: section , grouping content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-notice pullquote A distinctively placed or highlighted quotation from the current content designed to draw attention to a topic or highlight a key point. Inherits from: xhv:complementary HTML usage context: aside DPUB-ARIA role: doc-pullquote tip Helpful information that clarifies some aspect of the content or assists in its comprehension. Inherits from: xhv:complementary HTML usage context: aside , phrasing content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-tip 9. Titles and headings covertitle The title of the work as displayed on the work's cover. Inherits from: title HTML usage context: heading content . This property should only appear once within the document scope. fulltitle The full title of the work, either simple, in which case it is identical to title , or compound, in which case it consists of a title and a subtitle . Inherits from: title Same as: http://purl.org/dc/terms/title HTML usage context: heading content . This property should only appear once within the document scope. halftitle The title appearing on the first page of a work or immediately before the text. Inherits from: title HTML usage context: heading content . This property should only appear once within the document scope. subtitle An explanatory or alternate title for the work, or a section or component within it. Inherits from: title HTML usage context: heading content , phrasing content descendants of heading content , paragraphs , divs DPUB-ARIA role: doc-subtitle title The primary name of a document component, such as a list, table, or figure. HTML usage context: heading content , phrasing content descendants of heading content . 10. Educational content 10.1 Learning objectives learning-objective An explicit designation or description of a learning objective or a reference to an explicit learning objective. HTML usage context: flow content , phrasing content learning-resource A resource provided to enhance learning, or a reference to such a resource. HTML usage context: flow content 10.2 Testing assessment A test, quiz, or other activity that helps measure a student's understanding of what is being taught. HTML usage context: sectioning content qna A section of content structured as a series of questions and answers, such as an interview or list of frequently asked questions. HTML usage context: lists or sectioning content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-qna 11. Comics balloon An area in a comic panel that contains the words, spoken or thought, of a character. HTML usage context: li Usage details: EPUB Region-Based Navigation [ epub-region-nav-10 ] panel An individual frame, or drawing. HTML usage context: li Usage details: EPUB Region-Based Navigation [ epub-region-nav-10 ] panel-group A group of panels (e.g., a strip). HTML usage context: li Usage details: EPUB Region-Based Navigation [ epub-region-nav-10 ] sound-area An area of text in a comic panel that represents a sound. HTML usage context: li Usage details: EPUB Region-Based Navigation [ epub-region-nav-10 ] text-area An area of text in a comic panel . Used to represent titles, narrative text, character dialogue (inside a balloon or not) and similar. HTML usage context: li Usage details: EPUB Region-Based Navigation [ epub-region-nav-10 ] 12. Notes and annotations endnotes A collection of notes at the end of a work or a section within it. See also: endnote HTML usage context: sectioning content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-endnotes footnote Ancillary information, such as a citation or commentary, that provides additional context to a referenced passage of text. See also: footnotes HTML usage context: On the aside element when identifying a single footnote, or on descendants of sectioning content when identifying individual footnotes in a group (refer to footnotes and endnotes ). DPUB-ARIA role: doc-footnote footnotes A collection of footnotes . See also: footnote HTML usage context: sectioning content 13. References backlink A link that allows the user to return to a related location in the content (e.g., from a footnote to its reference or from a glossary definition to where a term is used). Inherits from: xhv:link HTML usage context: a DPUB-ARIA role: doc-backlink biblioref A reference to a bibliography entry . Inherits from: xhv:link HTML usage context: a DPUB-ARIA role: doc-biblioref glossref A reference to a glossary definition . Inherits from: xhv:link HTML usage context: a DPUB-ARIA role: doc-glossref noteref A reference to a note, typically appearing as a superscripted number or symbol in the main body of text. Inherits from: xhv:link See also: note HTML usage context: a DPUB-ARIA role: doc-noteref 14. Document text Terms for describing components at the phrasing level. concluding-sentence A phrase or sentence serving as a concluding summary of the containing paragraph. HTML usage context: phrasing content credit An acknowledgment of the source of integrated content from third-party sources, such as photos. Typically identifies the creator, copyright, and any restrictions on reuse. HTML usage context: phrasing content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-credit keyword A key word or phrase. HTML usage context: phrasing content topic-sentence A phrase or sentence serving as an introductory summary of the containing paragraph. HTML usage context: phrasing content 15. Pagination page-list A navigational aid that provides a list of links to the pagebreaks in the content. HTML usage context: sectioning content DPUB-ARIA role: doc-pagelist Usage details: The page-list nav Element [ epub-33 ] pagebreak A separator denoting the position before which a break occurs between two contiguous pages in a statically paginated version of the content. Page break locators are also commonly used to provide static markers in purely digital publications (i.e., where no statically paginated equivalent exists). These markers provide consistent navigation regardless of differences in font and screen size that can otherwise affect the dynamic pagination of the content. EPUB creators must ensure the name of the page break is an end user-consumable page number that identifies the page that is beginning. HTML usage context: phrasing and flow content, where the value of the carrying elements title attribute takes precedence over element content for the purposes of representing the pagebreak value DPUB-ARIA role: doc-pagebreak 16. Tables table A structure containing data or content laid out in tabular form. HTML usage context: Not Allowed Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable table structure. table-row A row of data or content in a tabular structure. HTML usage context: Not Allowed Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable table row. table-cell A single cell of tabular data or content. HTML usage context: Not Allowed Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable table cell. 17. Lists list A structure that contains an enumeration of related content items. HTML usage context: Not Allowed Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable list structure. list-item A single item in an enumeration. HTML usage context: Not Allowed Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable list item. 18. Figures figure An illustration, diagram, photo, code listing or similar, referenced from the text of a work, and typically annotated with a title, caption and/or credits. HTML usage context: Not Allowed Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable figure. 19. Asides aside Secondary or supplementary content. HTML usage context: Not Allowed Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable aside. A. Deprecated terms Although use of the following terms remains valid, they are no longer recommended for use in EPUB publications . Each term links to its last full definition. annoref annotation biblioentry bridgehead endnote help - replaced by tip . marginalia note - replaced by footnote rearnote rearnotes - replaced by endnotes sidebar - replaced by the [ html ] aside element. subchapter warning - replaced by notice B. Change log This section is non-normative. Note that this change log only identifies substantive changes to the vocabulary. For a list of all changes, refer to the Working Group's issue tracker . 2025-06-25: Removed all the draft edupub terms, retaining only the terms that are referenced from DPUB-ARIA 1.1. See issue 2743 . 2025-06-25: Deprecated the biblioentry and endnote terms to match their deprecation in DPUB-ARIA 1.1. C. References C.1 Informative references [dpub-aria-1.1] Digital Publishing WAI-ARIA Module 1.1 . Matt Garrish; Tzviya Siegman. W3C. 12 June 2025. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/dpub-aria-1.1/ [epub-33] EPUB 3.3 . Ivan Herman; Matt Garrish; Dave Cramer. W3C. 13 January 2026. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/ [epub-dict-10] EPUB Dictionaries and Glossaries 1.0 . IDPF. 26 August 2015. URL: http://idpf.org/epub/dict [epub-indexes-10] EPUB Indexes 1.0 . IDPF. 26 August 2015. URL: http://idpf.org/epub/idx [epub-region-nav-10] EPUB Region-Based Navigation 1.0 . IDPF. 26 August 2015. URL: http://idpf.org/epub/renditions/region-nav [html] HTML Standard . Anne van Kesteren; Domenic Denicola; Dominic Farolino; Ian Hickson; Philip Jägenstedt; Simon Pieters. WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/ [html-aria] ARIA in HTML . Scott O'Hara; Patrick Lauke. W3C. 15 April 2026. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/html-aria/ ↑