The Core Emotion Framework: A Unified Structural–Constructivist Architecture for Human and Synthetic Affect

Emotion science remains theoretically fragmented, with major models offering incompatible explanations of what emotions are, how they arise, and how they change. This lack of a unifying architecture has limited the field's ability to generate cumulative theory, integrate findings across levels of analysis, and develop coherent clinical or computational models of affect. The Core Emotion Framework (CEF) is proposed as a unified structural–constructivist architecture that integrates interoceptive physiology, computational operations, and mechanisms of therapeutic change into a single testable model. CEF conceptualizes emotional episodes not as discrete categories or linguistic labels but as dynamic sequences of ten functional operators distributed across three somatic centers—the Head, Heart, and Gut—with Accepting functioning as a global integrative capacity. These operators perform specific transformations on interoceptive signals, converting raw physiological inputs into structured affective states. By synthesizing evidence from diverse psychotherapy modalities, CEF identifies a cross-modal emotional ontology that unifies mechanisms of change across cognitive, behavioral, experiential, and relational approaches. The framework also provides a blueprint for synthetic affective systems by formalizing operator sequences as algorithmic modules capable of generating emergent affective dynamics in artificial agents. This article outlines the theoretical foundations, neurobiological substrates, computational formalization, and clinical implications of the Core Emotion Framework, and proposes it as a candidate for a unified theory of affect.