The Anatomy of Macroeconomics: Agents, Assets, and Evolution

This paper aims to systematically reconstruct the fundamental paradigm of macroeconomic analysis to address the profound crisis in the explanatory power of the traditional "troika" (consumption, investment, net exports) framework, particularly concerning its teleology, agent ontology, and relevance in the age of financialization. We propose a new framework integrating static structural and dynamic historical analysis, whose core is the unification of three-dimensional deconstruction and historical evolution. First, aggregate demand is systematically deconstructed along three dimensions: Agent Power (individuals, organizations, the state), Expenditure Purpose (consumption, investment), and Asset Attribute (real, financial). Second, the "Primary Function Principle," rooted in jurisprudence and behavioral economics, provides a robust operational classification basis for mixed expenditures. Third, this static structure is placed within the temporal dimension to examine its historical formation and dynamic changes. Through systematic multi-source data reconstruction, we reveal the fundamental structural opposition between the Chinese and American economies in 2024—China's "highly real investment-driven model" versus the United States' "financialized high-consumption model"—and outline the dynamic evolutionary paths of the two countries' structures (China 1998–2024, USA 1980–2024). To facilitate application, this paper also proposes a simplified indicator system and constructs a "Dynamic Structural Spectrum" to visualize growth models across historical time and space. Its theoretical contribution lies in achieving the triple unification of static structure, dynamic changes, and cross-level analysis, providing a unified analytical language from micro-level decisions to macro-history, serving as an indispensable complementary diagnostic tool to the traditional national accounting system.