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◉ The Gospel Payoff Fallacy: Pragmatic Benefit, Epistemic Responsibility, and the Lowered Bar for Jesus

Stilwell, Phil
PhilArchive · Papers
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philosophy
William Lane Craig has said that if Christianity had even “one chance in a million” of being true, it would be worth believing. His later clarification is more careful: the number is colloquial, epistemic reasons are truth-directed, pragmatic reasons concern costs and benefits, and the immense Christian payoff may radically lower the epistemic bar or pragmatically justify belief without adequate evidence. This paper argues that the clarified position still fails. It offers a reason to want, investigate, cultivate, or act on a belief, not a reason that makes the proposition more credible. As a basis for belief, the stance is intrinsically irrational because it directs confidence toward desirability while leaving the truth-directed evidence unchanged. The argument distinguishes evidence, credence, outright belief, acceptance, profession, and action. Decision theory explains why a tiny probability can rationalize a cheap precaution or valuable experiment: the probability remains tiny while the payoff changes the preferred action. Craig's free experimental-drug analogy therefore supports taking the drug while expecting failure. It does not support believing that the drug will work, much less transferring that conclusion to a costly, identity-forming religious commitment. Pragmatic encroachment, epistemic permissivism, Jamesian permission, and indirect belief cultivation do not close the gap. If a practice produces new evidence, that evidence warrants any later belief; if it merely produces confidence, the epistemic defect remains. The wager also faces an internal Christian problem. If the invoked Gospel benefit requires sincere inward belief and the biblical deity knows the person's actual attitude, overstating belief is detectable pretense, while honestly reporting extremely low confidence concedes that wager-driven belief is absent. Rival religious payoffs and the costs of false commitment further defeat one-sided bookkeeping. The bounded conclusion is not that Christianity is false or that evidence-based Christian belief is irrational. It is that high stakes can justify action under uncertainty but can never, by themselves, lower the evidential bar for honest belief.
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