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◉ The Attribute-Expectation Test: Divine Love, Human Accessibility, and the Reasonableness of Demanding Public Clarity

Stilwell, Phil
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philosophy
Critics of a loving, omnipotent, omniscient, human-focused personal deity are often told that they expect too much clarity, accessibility, or response. This paper argues that the rebuke gets the direction of accountability backward. The expectations do not originate in skeptical entitlement. They are generated by the divine attributes themselves. If those attributes have descriptive and explanatory content, they must make some public patterns more likely than alternatives do. Perfect love combined with a desire for relationship predicts available contact; complete knowledge removes ordinary misunderstanding; unlimited power removes ordinary communicative inability; and high claimed stakes strengthen the expectation that sincere people can identify the message and its source. The paper develops an attribute-expectation test that compares public data under a specified God-concept and live rivals. Durable nonresistant nonbelief, strong demographic dependence, doctrinal fragmentation among sincere interpreters, and indefinitely revisable accounts of unanswered communication jointly create evidential pressure. The argument is probabilistic rather than deductive: it does not assign invented numbers, treat every absence as decisive, or infer atheism from hiddenness alone. It asks whether the observed pattern is less surprising without the target attributes and whether proposed auxiliary explanations were independently supported, predictively constrained, and proportionate before they were used as rescues. Freedom, soul-making, purposive evidence, implicit relationship, human resistance, and cognitive limitation are serious replies. Each can explain some cases. None earns an unlimited exemption. If the attributes remain vivid when recruiting trust but become indeterminate whenever the world conflicts with their predictions, the language is operating one way: thick for devotion and thin for criticism. The bounded conclusion is not that every form of theism is false, every nonbeliever is sincere, or public evidence is the only possible evidence. It is that 'expecting too much' is no answer until the defender explains why the theology's own maximal attributes should produce so little stable public constraint.
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